What Else Besides Water? Introduction to Matter

= anything that occupies space and has mass =easiest categorized by it’s physical states either a solid, liquid or gas

Physical States of Matter Solids – have a definite shape and volume Individual particles are arranged very close together so that there is very little motion and no room for compression Crystalline solids – particles arranged in regular, systematic patterns (sugar, salt) Amorphous solids – some freedom of motion of the particles ( glass, rubber, wax)

Physical States of Matter Liquids – have fixed volume but variable in shape. Particles are not held together as rigidly as the solid state They can slide past one another so the sample is said to flow or be fluid They take on the shape of the container Volume of sample remains constant

Physical States of Matter Gases – have no volume or fixed shape Particles are not attracted to each other but rather expand to fill any conatiner Particles are in constant random motion and move about independently Distance between them is greater than in a solid or liquid. Can be compressed into a smaller space, within limits

All types of matter contain energy. More specifically kinetic energy = the energy of motion How much kinetic energy is determined by the physical state or property of the sample of matter The properties are a result of how the individual particles that make up the sample are arranged

How Does The Physical State Effect the Amount of Energy in a Given Sample? Solid – very little kinetic energy Liquid - more random movement of particles so there is more energy Gas – particles move constantly and independently. Generally – has more energy than a solid or liquid

Conversion From One Physical State to Another Ice to Water to Gas Solid - below 0ºC (freezing point) Liquid – between 0ºC and 100ºC (melting point) Gas (steam) – converted to once it reaches 100ºC (boiling point)

Graph from Class Packet

What is Heat Energy? Heat is added to disrupt the rigid structure of the solid More energy added tight interaction of particles is broken and free to move in liquid state When additional energy is added the particles are freed from each other are in the gaseous state

Phase Changes as Heat Energy Increases

Properties Of Matter Whether they are solid, liquid or gas Physical properties– those that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample of matter. Chemical properties – describes the ability of a sample of matter to be converted into a different sample of matter

Physical Properties When a physical property is changes we say it is a physical change A physical change is a change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity. No new compounds are formed during a physical change.

What is a Physical change? When ice melts and becomes water

What about tearing a big piece of paper into smaller pieces or chopping wood into smaller pieces? Physical change Have only made the size of the sample smaller

Chemical Properties Describe the ability of a sample of matter to be converted into a different sample of matter  All of the original substance must be accounted for  Law of Conservation of Matter – matter may not be created or destroyed in a chemical transformation. This chemical change (transformation) involves the rearrangement of the atoms to form some new type(s) of matter.

Questions to ask – 1.Does it burn in air? 2.Does it decompose when heated? 3.What happens when it is placed in acid? 4.What other chemicals will the sample of matter react with and what is produced? Chemical changes are usually irreversible. New compounds are formed during a chemical change

Physical and chemical properties… Describe a sample of matter In most cases is does not matter what the size of the matter is it will still have the same properties These properties are called intensive properties

. Physical Properties = heavy, malleable, ductile, silvery-white color and can take and retain a magnetic field Chemical Properties = The rusting of iron is an example of a chemical change. Reaction = moisture and oxygen in the air forms a compound called an oxide The rust has a different chemical composition than the initial iron Describing an Iron Nail

Burning Candle Chemical or Physical Change?

Bolt in Strong Acid Chemical or Physical Change?

Penny in Solution Chemical or Physical Change?

Fireworks Chemical or Physical Change

Crushing/Grinding Chemical or Physical Change?

Cooking an egg Chemical or Physical Change?

Breaking Glass before after Breaking Glass Chemical or Physical Change?

Chopping Food Chemical or Physical Change?