Intercultural concepts Advantages –framework for analysis –the scientific method: surveys/statistics –moving from anecdote to analysis Roots in anthropology –From the bush to the boardroom
Edward & Mildred Hall Polychronic & Monochronic cultures High context Low context cultures non-verbal communication –eye-contact (oculesics) –body space (proxemics) –touching (haptics) –gestures (kinisecs)
Business based: Hofstede High Power Distance & Low Power Distance cultures Masculine & Feminine cultures Individualist & Collectivist cultures High Uncertainty Avoidance & Low Uncertainty Avoidance cultures
Focus on sales: Gesteland Deal-Focused cultures Relationship-Focused cultures formal cultures & informal cultures rigid-time & fluid-time cultures
Broad base: Trompenaars Universalist & Particularist cultures Ascriptive & Achievement-oriented cultures Affective & Neutral cultures Specific & Diffuse cultures Inner-directed & Outer-directed cultures