AMINOGLYCOSIDES Streptomycin* Gentamicin* Tobramycin* Amikacin Kanamycin Neomycin(topical) * most commonly used Antibacterial Spectrum Bactericidal ( exclusive.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

All the following are antibiotics used for gram –ve bacteria.

Advertisements

Training for junior doctors and pharmacists

Younas Masih RN, Post RN BSc.N (Lecturer ) New Life College Of Nursing Karachi 11/7/20141Antimicrobial medications.

CARBAPENEMS e.g. Imipenem / Cilastatin Meropenem

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY Wide spectrum of activity vs aerobic bacteria. Wide spectrum of activity vs aerobic bacteria. Newer 3 rd and 4 th generation.

Introduction to Antibiotics 1 st yr( Respiratory block) Prof. Azza Elmedany.

Anti-tuberculous drugs. Mycobacteria Slow-growing bacillusDormant forms in macrophages.

TETRACYCLINES Mechanism of action Inhibit protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 30 s subunit Short acting Tetracycline Oxytetracycline t1/2 6-8 hr.

GLYCOPEPTIDES Vancomycin ; Teicoplanin Vancomycin Mechanism of action Inhibits cell wall synthesis Antibacterial activity Bactericidal against aerobic.

MACROLIDES Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin Mechanism of action Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50 s subunit Antibacterial activity.

CHLORAMPHENICOL Mechanism of action Inhibits protein synthesis ( 50 s subunit ) Antibacterial activity H. Influenzae S. typhi N. Meningitidis E. coli S.

Cephalosporins B-Lactam antibiotics ( similar to penicillins) Broad spectrum Act by inhibition of cell wall synthesis Bactericidal Inactive against :

CHEMOTHERAPY ANTIBIOTICS Chemical substances produced by microorganisms and have the capacity to inhibit or destroy other organisms. ANTIBIOTICS Chemical.

PHL 424 Antimicrobials 6 th Lecture By Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D. Phone:

FLUOROQUINOLONES Ciprofloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Pefloxacin CIPROFLOXACIN Mechanism of action Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase.

Clinical application Penicillin G is used for streptococcal infections that include pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis. In addition, penicillin G.

Pharmacological Management of Respiratory tract infections.

Drugs acting on bacterial protein biosynthesis

Chapter 44 Antituberculosis Drugs Department of pharmacology Liu xiaokang( 刘小康） 2010,3.

Chapter 37 Aminoglycosides

Antimicrobial compounds Antiseptics and disinfectants Antibiotics.

 At the end of the lecture, students should :  Describe briefly common types of meningitis  Describe the principles of treatment  List the name of.

1 Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Prof. Mohammed Saad Al-Humayyd Prof. Azza Hafiz El-Medany.

Chapter 40 Aminoglycosides and Polymyxins Department of pharmacology Liu xiaokang( 刘小康） 2010,3.

AMINOGLYCOSIDES The different members of this group share many properties in common. The different members of this group share many properties in common.

Aminoglycosides All aminoglycosides are produced by soil actinomycetes. Obtained from the species of – Streptomyces (suffix mycin) – and Micromonospora.

Medications for the Treatment of Infections. Antibiotic vs. Antibacterial Used interchangeably Origin of antibiotic includes any antimicrobial agent Antibacterial.

Prof. Mohammad Alhumayyd Department of Pharmacology.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS. Actions of antibacterial drugs on bacterial cells.

Urinary Antiseptics. Organisms  Escherichia coli  Proteus  Pseudomonas species  streptococci  Klebsiella  Enterococcus  Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Elsevier Inc. items and derived items © 2010 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 86 Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis.

1 Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. PROF. AZZA El-Medany.

2. Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides Pharmacognosy IV PHG 423 Dr/ Abdulaziz Saeedan Pharmacy College 1.

Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis Medications for Infection.

Chemotherapy Of Mycobacterial Infections Dr.Mohamed daood PhD student in Pharmacology.

Introduction to Antibiotics 1 st yr( Respiratory block) Prof. Azza Elmedany.

INHIBITOR of BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The selectivity for bacterial protein synthesis is caused by differences in the.

1 Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. PROF. AZZAEl-Medany And Dr Ishfaq Bukhari.

Ciprofloxacin (most common) Norfloxacin

Treatment of Respiratory Tract infections. Prof. Azza EL-Medany.

PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

Among the many antibiotics isolated from that genus, several are compounds closely related in structure to streptomycin. Six of them kanamycin, neomycin,

CHEMOTHERAPY ANTIBIOTICS Chemical substances produced by microorganisms and have the capacity to inhibit or destroy other organisms. ANTIBIOTICS Chemical.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS THEY WORK BY TARGETING BACTERIAL RIBOSOMES AMINOGLYCOSIDES MACROLIDES TETRACYCLINES SPECTINOMYCIN.

Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Dr. yasodha krishna janapati Associate Professor Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences (CHS), Ayder Campus, Mekelle University, Mekelle, ETHIOPIA Introduction: Aminoglycos

More Antibiotics Tutoring for Pharmacology

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Cephalosporins B-Lactam antibiotics ( similar to penicillins)

Miscellaneous Antibiotics

4. Antibiotics - Polymyxins (Polypeptides)

DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS & GONORRHEA

Aminoglycosides.

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS: AN OVERVIEW

By :Lecturer Nabeel Ahmed Al anbagi

Drugs used in Meningitis Prof. Azza ELMedany

CHEMOTHERAPY ANTIBIOTICS Chemical substances produced by microorganisms and have the capacity to inhibit or destroy other organisms . CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC.

Course Coordinator Jamaluddin Shaikh, Ph.D.

Drug Treatment of Tuberculosis

Antituberculous Agents

Surgical Infection Society Resident Corner

Aminoglycosides.

Course Coordinator Jamaluddin Shaikh, Ph.D.

Course Coordinator Jamaluddin Shaikh, Ph.D.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections

Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections

Chapter 38 Aminoglycosides

Drugs used in Meningitis Prof. M. Alhumayyd Prof. Hanan hagar

Other β-lactam A. Carbapenems:

Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

Presentation transcript:

AMINOGLYCOSIDES Streptomycin* Gentamicin* Tobramycin* Amikacin Kanamycin Neomycin(topical) * most commonly used Antibacterial Spectrum Bactericidal ( exclusive for aerobic G- bacteria ) M. Tuberculosis ( streptomycin & amikacin ) Not effective against G+ & anaerobes

AMINOGLYCOSIDES ( Cont. ) Pharmacokinetics Polycations ( highly charged ) Poorly absorbed from GIT ( parenteral or topical ) No distribution to most cells, including CNS Only 10 % bind of the drug bind to plasma protein No significant metabolic breakdown Excreted unchanged in urine ( glomerular filtration) Half- life 2-3 hrs

AMINOGLYCOSIDES ( Cont. ) Mechanism of action Inhibit protein synthesis ( 30 s subunit ) Bactericidal Inhibition of cell wall synthesis increases their entrance into cells ( synergism ) eg.: Piperacillin or ceftazidime + gent. or tobra. Against P.aeruginosae

Clinical Use T.B ( streptomycin, i.m ) P. Aeruginosa infections ( other than UTI’s ) an aminoglycoside+ piperacillin or an aminoglycoside+ ceftazidime (p.aeruginosa UTI’s, ciprofloxacin preferred) Brucellosis in combination with a tetracycline( severe cases) Topical Creams, ointments or solution for infected burns, wounds or skin lesions. Ear & eye drops and ointments

Adverse Effects Ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity ( directly related to serum conc. ) Neuromuscular blockade ( very high dose ) Special problems with AGS use : Narrow toxic- therapeutic ratio Monitoring of serum levels