Type II Diabetes: A Growing Adolescent Epidemic? Joanne Yonan Lakeview High School Chicago Public Schools IIT Research Mentor: Ali Cinar This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. EEC Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Introduction Subject: Biology Grade Level: Regular Freshmen Class Time Frame: 3 weeks (45 minute classes) Module Goals 1. Students discover the importance of diet and exercise by investigating how diet impacts blood glucose levels in a healthy individual versus an individual with Type 1 diabetes 2. Students utilize an engineering developed state-of-the- art computer simulation model that will safely evaluates their diet and exercise scenarios for effective weight control.

Module Objectives Students, through their own investigation, will gain significant knowledge about nutrition and its key importance to daily health and well being. Students will learn and grasp expected biological concepts of anatomy, biochemistry, metabolism, cellular energy, and homeostasis. Students through investigation and research will discover how the disease of diabetes is growing among adolescents and the importance of diet and exercise in prevention of this physically damaging disease.

Major Biology Concepts Process and importance of cellular respiration Homeostatic role of the liver and pancreas in glucose management Nutrition and digestion Cellular energy How the nervous, endocrine, and digestive systems work together to maintain the bodies environment Disease of diabetes; types, causes, risks, management, and prevention

Scientific Inquiry Define healthy diet through identifying questions and concepts Use technology to analyze different diet scenarios Formulate and revise scientific explanations and diet scenarios using logic and evidence Communicate and defend ideas of a healthy diet and wellness plan

Overview Module Design Create a healthy diet scenarios using constraints of preference, FDA daily requirements, calories Develop a wellness plan that balances daily calories to exercise Design a Type II diabetes brochure that explains this condition and informs students of risks, management and prevention.

Module Ethics Discuss Standards of ethics in science and medicine Formulate ethics for project from ethics that exists in science peer review and evaluation Classroom peers have students evaluate their wellness project to determine whether they believe it should pass or not pass agreed upon code

Useful Background knowledge Organs of the digestive system Understand difference between elements and compounds Know the element symbols Know the different food groups for health Basic understanding of the concept of energy Some experience with chemical reactions

Overview Illinois Learning Strategies 11.A.4c Collect, organize and analyze data accurately and precisely 11.A.4e Formulate alternative hypotheses to explain unexpected results 11.A.4f Using available technology, report, display and defend to an audience conclusions drawn from investigations 11.A.5b Design procedures to test the selected hypotheses 11.A.5e Report, display and defend the results of investigations to peers

Overview Illinois Learning Strategies 12.A.4b Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. 12.A.5a Explain changes within cells and organisms in response to stimuli and changing environmental conditions (e.g., homeostasis, dormancy). 13.B.5b Analyze and describe the processes and effects of scientific and technological breakthroughs

Overview National Science Standards - Concept C All matter tends toward more disorganized states. Living systems require a continuous input of energy to maintain their chemical and physical organizations The energy for life primarily derives from the sun. Plants capture energy by absorbing light and using it to form strong (covalent) chemical bonds between the atoms of carbon- containing (organic) molecules. These molecules can be used to assemble larger molecules with biological activity (including proteins, DNA, sugars, and fats). In addition, the energy stored in bonds between the atoms is (chemical energy) The chemical bonds of food molecules contain energy. Energy is released when the bonds of food molecules are broken and new compounds with lower energy bonds are formed.

Design Project Simulation diet and Exercise In pairs, students create a definition for healthy diet that supports the constraints of daily requirements of water, nutrients, vitamins and minerals Create a wellness program that burns the same number of calories within the 24 hour period as the patient consumes Maintenance of healthy blood glucose levels will be determined by the glucosim computer model created by Professor Ali Cinar and his process modeling, monitoring, and control, research team

Design Project Every student creates a three-fold, informational, brochure informing other High School students about Type II diabetes – Present the increase in Type II diabetes among adolescents – Define the disease its causes and benefits – Draw or paste a diagram about insulin and its importance to health and well being – Provide prevention – List suggestions of management – Provide agencies to contact for further information

Module Activities Activity #1 What is a Healthy Diet? (1 day) Activity #2 Where’s the Energy? (3 days) Activity#3 Homeostasis and Insulin (2 days) Activity#4 Nutrition and Diabetes (2 days) Activity #5 Investigating Healthy Diets (3 days) Activity #6 Whose Responsible (1 day) Activity #7 Brochure Project (1 day)

Activities For RET Workshop Activity #1 What is a Healthy Diet? Activity #3 Homeostasis and Insulin Activity #5 Investigating Healthy Diets

Materials Computer lab with internet access LCD projector and laptop 3M self stick chart paper Markers and highlighters Exercise tables with calories and food calorie chart Medical brochures Text, worksheets, websites, and other various hand- outs to assist in acquisition of necessary knowledge

Assessment – Concepts Identifying human digestive processes Basic understanding of cellular respiration Effectively utilize technology to analyze various wellness scenarios Basic understanding of glucose management within the human body Understanding of the physiological importance of healthy diets and exercise regimes

Assessment Reflective journals to brain storm ideas Created diets that meet daily requirements Create wellness program to meet requirements of normal and Type I diabetes Pre and Post Assessments Exit and entry slips Informational brochure

Questions