School of Earth and Space Exploration Existing Lunar Datasets M. S. Robinson School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University

Lunar Datasets Earth Based Telescopes Ranger Surveyor Lunar Orbiter Apollo Photography –handheld –automated Apollo Laser Altimetry Apollo Elemental Soviet Surface Imaging Earth Based Radar Clementine –Imaging, topography Lunar Prospector –Elemental maps Gravity Global Control Network Chang’e, Kaguya Chandrayaan 1, LRO Review relevant image datasets, existing and upcoming

Lunar Orbiter Best existing global BW morphology dataset (60 m/pix near and ~300 far m/pix) USGS LO negatives global map scan project “completed” High resolution mapping of equatorial regions (LO 1,2,3) Synoptic mapping (LO 4) High-resolution coverage of science targets (LO 5) High Resolution LO Coverage: –~1m/pixel of 1% of Moon –~10 m/pixel covers ~12% –Nearside at ~60 m/pixel –Farside ~300 m/pixel –Quality varies

Apollo Photography Handheld 70-mm –10,000 Color –10,000 BW –Orbit, surface Metric Camera (Ap 15-17) –BW, 127 x 127 mm (~8m/pixel) Panoramic Camera (Ap 15-17) –BW, 127 mm x 1 m (1m/pixel) 35-mm, Ap 14 Hycon, surface stereo… JSC/ASU Apollo Flight Film Scanning Project underway!! –All flight films scanned by end 2009 –Accessible online at: AS15-M-0284 Apollo 14 at Frau Mauro

Apollo Metric/Pan Camera Coverage True stereo, incidence angle ranges from 90° to near 0°, simultaneous laser altimeter point (~10,000 negatives). Panoramic camera footprints very similar (~4800 negatives). Full resolution digital scan project in progress! See information in registration folder.

Clementine 1994 UVVIS Nearside High Sun for Color Analysis UVVIS (CCD) – m/p global –5 filters ( nm) NIR (InSb) – m/p global –6 filters ( nm) HIRES (CCD) –25-50 m/p (effective) –4 filters ( nm) –BW poles, selected color strips LWIR (HgCdTe) – m/p global –broadband ( nm) LIDAR Ranging (2.5° spatial, 100 m vertical, 65S to 65N)

Chang’e Stereo Camera 120 m/p 200x200 km orbit Launched Oct 2007, 1 year nominal mission Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) 5 m resolution (40 km swath) global map of the Moon To be launched mid-2008 Chandrayaan

Kaguya (Selene) Launched Oct. 2007, 3 spacecraft 100 km circular polar orbit Terrain Camera Broadband Stereo 10 m/p, +- 15° forward and aft, planned global mapping Multi Band Imager (20/62 m/p, VIS/NIR) HDTV mhttp:// m Data release one year from end of nominal mission

Earth Based Radar 20 to 40 m/pixel imaging and topography of lunar poles Nearside only Estimate illumination conditions over time Topography near Shackleton (S. Pole)

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 2008 LROC: Global WAC UV-VIS imaging 100 m/pixel; NAC BW 10% Moon at 0.50 m/pixel LOLA: Global topography LEND: Neutron flux (water ice) DLRE: Temp. of lunar surface LAMP: Search for surface ices in polar regions CRaTER: Lunar radiation environment Mini-RF: SAR (image permanently shadowed areas)

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera 2 Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) for Landing Site Certification 1000s of potential landing site observations at 0.5 m/pix Polar mosaics (85.5  to 90  ) at 1 m/pix Conventional and photometric stereo observations for 2 to 10 m/pix topography Wide Angle Cameras (WAC) to Monitor Polar Lighting and Map Resources Every orbit image each pole: BW 100 m/p Global BW 100 m/p >50° incidence coverage Global 7-color (100/400 m/p), 10° to 40° incidence Special Observations (context, phase experiments, stereo)

What is Needed Prior to Human Return –Uniform global geodetic control network –Uniform global high resolution mineralogic and compositional data –Uniform global high resolution morphology data –Uniform global regolith characterization –Local very high resolution imaging of landing sites –Local very high resolution topography of landing sites