المحاضرة الأولى مقدمة عامة: - نبذة تاريخية.

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Presentation transcript:

المحاضرة الأولى مقدمة عامة: - نبذة تاريخية. - تعريف الكمبيوتر، مكوناته، تصنيفاته. - فوائد الكمبيوتر، مميزاته و سلبياته.

نبذة تاريخية المرحلة الأولى (1940- 1959م): الصمام المفرغ. المرحلة الثانية (1959- 1964م): الترانزستور. المرحلة الثالثة (1964- 1970م): الدارات الإلكترونية المتكاملة. المرحلة الرابعة (1970م- اليوم): الكمبيوتر الشخصي.

تعريف الكمبيوتر Computer: آلة إلكترونية تستقبل/ تخزن/ تعالج البيانات (Input Data) وفقاً لمجموعة من الأوامر (Instructions)، ثم إظهار النتائج (Output Data). Input Data Output Data Processing

مكونات الكمبيوتر البرمجيات الأجهزة Computer Parts Hardware: Software: - Input Unit (وحدة الإدخال) - CPU (وحدة المعالجة المركزية) - Output Unit (وحدة الإخراج) البرمجيات Software: - System Software (برمجيات النظام) - Applications Software (البرمجيات التطبيقية)

الأجهزة (Hardware) CPU وحدة التخزين الرئيسية Input Output Main Storage وحدة التخزين الرئيسية Input Output Mouse. Keyboard. Joystick. Touch screen. Scanner. Microphone. Monitor. Flat screen. Printer. Speaker. Control Unit وحدة الضبط و التحكم Arithmetic logic Unit وحدة الحساب و المنطق

تصنيفات الكمبيوتر 1. حسب البيانات المعالجة: - الــرقمـي. - التناظري. 2. حسب غرض الاستعمال: - متعدد الأغراض. - المتخــــصــــص. 3. حسب حجم الذاكرة: - المصغر/ الصغير. - المتوسط/ العملاق.

مميزات الكمبيوتر السرعة. الدقة. الذاكرة. السعة. إجراء عمليات معقدة. التقليل من الأعمال الورقية.

سلبيات الكمبيوتر - الفيروسات: 1. ما هو الفيروس؟ 2. كيف ينتقل؟ 3. طرق حماية الكمبيوتر منه.