Biological Diversity Algae Archegoniate Spermatophyta

Characteristics of Algae Eukaryotes Most unicellular, but some multicellular Autotrophic Produce oxygen that is returned to the atmosphere Range in size from microscopic to hundreds of feet in length Do not have true roots, stems, nor leaves Form gametes (eggs & sperm) Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil habitats Most have flagella

Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids Cell Wall composition Food Storage  Pigments Structure of Thallus Phylum Mainly Cellulose Starch Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids Unicellular Colonial Filamentous Multicellular   Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Cellulose Algin Laminarin  Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Fucoxanthin Peridinin Multicellular Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) Cellulose CaCO3 Chlorophyll a & d Phycobilins Carotenoid Rhodophyta (Red Algae) Pectin SiO2 Starch  Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Xanthophyll  Unicellular Some Colonial Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)

Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Unicellular Cell Wall composition Food Storage  Pigments Structure of Thallus Phylum Cellulose Starch Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Unicellular Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates) Laminarin Chlorophyll a & c Xanthophyll Carotenoids  Unicellular Some Colonial Chrysophyta (Golden Algae) No Cell Wall  Pellicle Paramylon Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids Xanthophyll Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)

Different shapes of algae

Different shapes of algae

Different shapes of algae

Chlorophyta : Chlamydomonas

Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

Phaeophyta Fucus

Rhodophyta Gelidium

Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) Centric diatoms : Cyclotella Pennate diatoms : Navicula

Dinoflagellata:(Dinoflagellates

Chrysophyceae Mallomonas

Euglenophyta Euglena

Archegoniate

Archegonium : The female organ

Antheridium : The male organ

Typical alternation of generations life cycle

Typical alternation of generations life cycle

Bryophytes Bryophytes are small, nonvascular plants. Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and have life cycles dominated by the gametophyte phase. Roots are absent in bryophytes, instead there are root-like structures known as rhizoids.

Moss Life cycle

Pteridophytes Pteridophytes are vascular plants have specialized transporting cells xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) and phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant). Pteridophytes are larger and more complex than bryophytes, and have a life cycle where the sporophyte is more prominent than the gametophyte.

Vascular tissues development

Fern Life cycle

Spermatophyta The Seed Plants

Alternation of Generations

Seed producing plants can be divided into two groups Gymnosperms - produce seeds but the seeds are not contained inside any structure. These plants have cones. Angiosperms - the seeds are produced inside and “ovary” which becomes the fruit. These plants have flowers.

Development of A Gymnosperm seed

Development of A Gymnosperm seed

Flowering Plant Reproduction Flower Structure

Seed Structure