Agenda: galaxies The Milky Way Types of galaxies Finding distances to galaxies.

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Presentation transcript:

Agenda: galaxies The Milky Way Types of galaxies Finding distances to galaxies

Activity grades Missing group numbers will result in lost points. Signatures will be required to receive credit. There are lots of unclaimed assignments—check my folder! WebCT grades are updated after each exam.

Hydrogen Gas CO: Molecular Clouds Interstellar Dust hot gas bubbles Stars: no blocking Seeing the Milky Way

NASA Is it like this?

AATB Or this?

NOAO Or this?

What we see:

Another galaxy… NASA

Compare

Compare to this one

Harlow Shapley ( ) Looked at many globular clusters Determined their distance from us We are not at the center of the galaxy!

We live in a spiral galaxy! Globular clusters Our galaxy is centered about here Stars we can see Our solar system

Shape of our galaxy ESA

Our black hole CHANDRA Crazy x-ray bursts!

Our black hole NRAO Radio waves

Hubble rocks!!! Edwin Hubble

Our neighbor Andromeda R. Gendler

Spiral galaxy

Spiral galaxy on edge NOAO Dusty!!

Barred Spiral Spiral arms start at the end of the bar. hubble space telescope

Caltech Types of spiral galaxies

Types of barred spiral galaxies Caltech

David Malin Elliptical galaxy Globular clusters Contain mainly older stars

Types of elliptical galaxies Rotation not uniform Caltech

NOAO Irregular galaxy

Irregular galaxy Some galaxies have asymmetric shapes, often because they are interacting with their neighbors. HST NGC4676, the “mice”

Consider Hubble’s hypothesis: Do galaxies evolve from elliptical to spiral? A. YesB. NoC. Cannot conclude Increasing age?

Do galaxies evolve? Ellipticals contain mainly older stars Spirals contain much dust and gas Increasing age?

Calculating distances to other galaxies Cepheid variables Type I supernovae Hubble’s law

Cepheid variables Gene Smith, UCSD/CASS Cepheids are a standard candle. Discovered by Henrietta Leavitt. (photo: AAVSO)

Harvard Supernovae in 4 galaxies All Type I supernovae reach same maximum luminosity. Another standard candle!

Summary Our galaxy—the Milky Way  Spiral shape (mapped using clusters)!  We have our own black hole! Galaxies classified by Hubble  Elliptical  Spiral  Barred spiral  Irregular Measuring distance to galaxies  Cepheid variable stars  Type I supernovae

Team activity #8 Stellar evolution Make sure you label all LINES!