Fingerprints: Nuclear DNA standard. =FBI CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) standard for nuclear DNA utilizes 13 highly-variable tetramer STR sites. CSF1PO.

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Fingerprints: Nuclear DNA standard. =FBI CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) standard for nuclear DNA utilizes 13 highly-variable tetramer STR sites. CSF1PO D5S818 D21S11 TH01 TPOX D13S317 D7S820 D16S539 D18S51 D8S1179 D3S1358 FGA VWA AMEL Multiplexed groupings: Blue, Green II, Blue, Green II, Yellow, & Cofiler Yellow, & Cofiler

D3FGAvWABlue D13 D5 D7 Yellow AD8D21D18 Green II AmpFlSTR ® Profiler Plus™ Select PCR primer sites at a distance around site to separate the products in each dye grouping: 100 bp 400 bp300 bp200 bp Size Separation Color Separation Multiplex STR Analysis

Two different individuals A D19 D3 D8 TH01 VWA D21 FGA D16 D18D2 A D19 D3 D8 TH01 VWA D21 FGA D16 D18 D2 AmpFlSTR ® SGM Plus™ kit Multiplex STR Analysis

Measure against Reference Ladder

Caucasians (N=427) Blacks (N=414) Hispanics (N=414) TH01 Marker * Proc. Int. Sym. Hum. ID (Promega) 1997, p. 34 Number of repeats Frequency STR Allele Frequencies