 Roman Empire divides into 2 (West-Rome and East-Byzantium)  West-Roman Catholicism  Splits into Protestantism  East-Byzantine Christianity (Eastern Orthodox) splits into Russian Orthodox

 How did the report on pg. 713 convince Prince Vladimir to embrace the Byzantine church?

 Present-day Ukraine  Dnieper River  Black Sea

 Written language (Cyrillic alphabet)  Byzantine Christianity  Emperor not the pope was the head of the church

 Brutal  Tatars  Forced Russians to pay heavy tributes (taxes) made the princes enforce Mongol rules

 an intense fear or dislike of foreign people, their customs and culture, or foreign things

 Princes began to keep tax revenue for themselves  Ivan III (the Great)  Reigned 1462 C.E. to 1505 C.E.  Ended Mongol Rule  Built a strong government based on Byzantine traditions  Czar / Tsar  Autocratic rule

 Grandson of Ivan III  Used secret police  Crushed independent nobility  However, encouraged feudalism, why?  Europe is ending feudalism and Russia is just beginning the practice

 Introduce western ideas  Hired western engineers, shipbuilders, and other technical experts  Set up schools to teach western scientific theories  Introduced government reforms that encouraged efficiency  St. Petersburg (window to the west)  Experienced conservative resistance (cultural clash)