How Science Affects People’s Lives Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology Integrated Circuits – Computers 9/9/09

9/9/09

How Science Affects People’s Lives Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS 9/9/09

9/9/09

9/9/09

How Science Affects People’s Lives Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS Photonics Lasers 9/9/09

9/9/09

9/9/09

How Science Affects People’s Lives Economic Growth: Innovation, Competitiveness and Globalization Information Technology Integrated Circuits -- Computers The Internet The World Wide Web Wireless Communication GPS Photonics Lasers Light Emitting Diodes Plasmas Materials Carbon Fibers Plastics and Resins 9/9/09

How Science Affects People’s Lives Energy and the Environment Energy Capacity to do work (W=F·s) Units Distance, s (m) Force: Mass x Acceleration, F=ma: Newton (kg·m/s2) Work or Energy Joule = kg·m2/s2 Calorie (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 g water 1 deg C) 1 Cal = 4.184 J BTU (Amt of heat needed to raise 1 lb water 1 deg F) 1 BTU = 1054 J 1 kWh = 3.6x106 J 1 Quad = 1015 BTU 9/9/09

Energy trends and technologies in the coming decades 9/9/09 Energy trends and technologies in the coming decades Steven E. Koonin Chief Scientist, BP plc Aspen Center for Physics Energy Forum July 10, 2006 “Physicist’s view” = first-principles, quantitative, analytic, descriptive

key drivers of the energy future Demand Growth Supply Challenges Technology Environmental Constraints Security of Supply

Energy use grows with economic development energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002) US Australia France Russia S. Korea UK Japan Ireland Greece Malaysia Mexico China Brazil India Source: UN and DOE EIA 9/9/09

energy demand – growth projections Global energy demand is set to grow by over 60% over the next 30 years – 74% of the growth is anticipated to be from non-OECD countries Global Energy Demand Growth by Region (1971-2030) Energy Demand (Mtoe) Notes: 1. OECD refers to North America, W. Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and NZ 2. Transition Economies refers to FSU and Eastern European nations 3. Developing Countries is all other nations including China, India etc. Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2004

US energy supply since 1850 Source: EIA

current and historical global energy mix Current global energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels – oil has been the largest component of the energy mix for many decades; gas has grown strongly since the 1970’s; coal has been growing in the last four years; hydro is constant and nuclear has plateaued Source: BP Statistical Review

significant hydrocarbon resource potential Oil, Gas and Coal Resources by Region (bnboe) Gas Europe Resource Potential (bnboe) Oil Coal FSU Oil Gas Coal Resource Potential (bnboe) North America Resource Potential (bnboe) Middle East Oil Gas Coal Resource Potential (bnboe) Asia Pacific Oil Gas Coal Resource Potential (bnboe) Africa Oil Gas Coal Resource Potential (bnboe) Oil Gas Coal South America Resource Potential (bnboe) Oil Gas Coal Key: - unconventional oil - conventional oil - gas - coal Source: BP Data

Some energy technologies 9/9/09 Some energy technologies Primary Energy Sources: Light Crude Heavy Oil Tar Sands Wet gas CBM Tight gas Nuclear Coal Solar Wind Biomass Hydro Geothermal Extraction & Conversion Technologies: Exploration Deeper water Arctic LNG Refining Differentiated fuels Advantaged chemicals Gasification Syngas conversion Power generation Photovoltaics Bio-enzyimatics H2 production & distribution CO2 capture & storage End Use Technologies: ICEs Adv. Batteries Hybridisation Fuel cells Hydrogen storage Gas turbines Building efficiency Urban infrastructure Systems design Other efficiency technologies Appliances Retail technologies

Assignment for 09/16/09 The last slide contains a list of primary energy sources, extraction and conversion technologies and end use technologies. A new book on energy is about to be published, which covers all of these subjects. As an assistant editor you have been tasked to help write the blurb for the book jacket. Your job is to provide the editor with approximately 300 words on each of two subtopics that appear in the lists. The editor will select two of them to highlight for the book jacket. You may select any two subtopics: you may choose all of them from one category, or you may mix them. 9/9/09