8 Introduction to Humdrum Mus 253/CS 275A Stanford University Winter Quarter

Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: SoundhEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1] 2Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hEvent-based hObject-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields 3Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1] 4Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hMusicXML: interchange hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based hAttribute-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1]  ASCII; fixed/expandable; time- or score-ordered 5Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hMusicXML: interchange h**kern: Analysis data hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based hAttribute-based hEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1]  ASCII; fixed/expandable; time- or score-ordered  ASCII; score-ordered but no spatial information [=MIDI Type 0]; selective attribute encoding permitted 6Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Humdrum: Goal and History G OAL : encoding for analysis I NVENTOR : David Huron O RIENTATION : Context-free grammar hAdaptable to many repertories hFeatures and representations can be extended hFeatures can be minimized hData content sometimes unpredictable 7Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

A Humdrum File h!!!OTL: Frere Jacques h!!!YEC: ESF 1999 h**kern**text h*M4/4 h*k[ ]* h!soprano!lyrics h!!First phrase h=1=1 h4cFre- h4dre h4eJac- h4cques, h=2=2 h4cFre- h4dre h4eJac- h4cques,. …………. !!Fourth phrase=7 4cDin, 4Gdon, 2cdin.=8 4cDin, 4Gdon, 2cdin.=9*- Spines 8Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Elements of a **kern spine Comment records : !!! Reference records !! Global comments ! Local comments Interpretation records: ** Exclusive interpretation * Tandem interpretation *>x Form marker *- End-of-spine marker Measure markers: = Single bar-line == Double bar-line Tandem interpretations: *staff staff no. *clef clef name * key name *k[f#c#]key signature *M meter signature 9Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Singer's Humdrum Explorer (Win) 10Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Uses of Humdrum Bret Aarden (2000): GPS-based localization of musical features Jane Singer (2000): Melodic analysis 11Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Uses…. Veltman (2002) Accent in Palestrina 12Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Uses: Non-Western Music One syntax, multiple representations **kern: common Western music **koto: **bol: 13Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Humdrum Operations Unix-based Unix regular expressions ( grep ) Humdrum-specific File-manipulation commands ( assemble, yank ) Sound-management tools ( record, perform ) Pitch re-identification tools ( frequency, cents ) Duration and accent tools ( beat, accent pos.) Melody tools (e.g. melodic intervals ) Harmony tools (e.g. harmonic intervals ) 14Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Humdrum and other Software Kornstaedt’s scr2hmd Main aim: integrated environment for research Features: Viewer Annotator Appends placement info Sound output OS: unix, with Java GUI Kilian’s Guido to Humdrum Main aim: quick display for web pages Features: Online translator Viewer MIDI analogue OS: any 15Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Kornstaedt: scr2hdm [Score to Humdrum] **kern **layout *Icor *SCORE *Itrd4c7 * =1 *clefG2 * *M4/4 * 4G | dolcissimo| c c | e | = Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Humdrum Resources Humdrum CCARH Portal site: David Huron’s Humdrum Toolkit homepage: ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/index.html Command Reference Guide [= Book I of printed documentation]: ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/commands.toc.html Humdrum User Guide [=Book II of printed documentation]: ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/guide.toc.html Preliminary exercises and assignments given at OSU: ‑ state.edu/Music824/music824.index2.html 17Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field

Sapp Tools for Humdrum See museinfo.sapp.org Selected subset of Sapp tools Operating-system specific tools Also Cygwin, OSX/Motorola, OSX/Intel, Linux Perry Roland’s 18Music Eleanor Selfridge-Field