Chapter Nine Developing Teamwork © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Objectives Understand the leader’s role in a team-based organization. Describe leader actions that foster teamwork. Explain the potential contribution of outdoor training to the development of team leadership. Describe how the leader-member exchange model contributes to an understanding of leadership. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Teams, Teamwork, and Groups A team is a work group that must rely on collaboration if each member is to experience the optimum success and achievement Teamwork is done with an understanding and commitment to group goals on the part of all team members All teams are groups, but not all groups are teams © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Roles of a Leader in the Team-Based Organization Building trust and inspiring teamwork Coaching team members and group members toward higher levels of performance Facilitating and supporting team’s decisions Expanding the team’s capabilities Creating a team identity © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Roles of the Leader in the Team-Based Organization (cont’d) Anticipating and influencing change Inspiring the team toward higher levels of performance Enabling and empowering group members to accomplish their work Encouraging team members to eliminate low-value work © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

11 Leader Actions That Foster Teamwork (using own resources) 1. Defining the team’s mission 2. Establishing a climate of trust 3. Developing a norm of teamwork, including emotional intelligence 4. Emphasizing pride in being outstanding 5. Serving as a model of teamwork,6. including power sharing 6. Using a consensus leadership style © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

11 Leader Actions That Foster Teamwork (cont’d) 7. Establishing urgency, demanding performance standards, and providing direction 8. Encouraging competition with another group 9. Encouraging the use of jargon 10.Minimizing micromanaging 11. Practicing e-leadership © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

6 Leader Actions Requiring Org. Structure or Policy 1. Designing physical structures that facilitate communication 2. Emphasizing group recognition and rewards 3. Initiating ritual and ceremony 4. Practicing open-book management 5. Selecting team-oriented members 6. Using technology that facilitates teamwork © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Open-Book Management In open-book management every employee is trained, empowered, and motivated to understand and pursue the company’s business goals. Employees become business partners and perceive themselves to be members of the same team. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cooperation Theory … a belief in cooperation and collaboration rather than competitiveness as a strategy for building teamwork. © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Outdoor Training and Team Development Outdoor training is a form of learning by doing Participants acquire leadership and teamwork skills by confronting physical challenges and exceeding self-imposed limitations © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Outdoor and Outside Training (cont’d) Outward Bound is a well-known and popular organization that uses the wilderness as the classroom: Kayaking, canoeing, sailing Mountaineering, hiking, backpacking Dog-sledding, horseback riding, cycling Other programs are appearing: circus camp, gourmet cooking, paintball, scavenger hunts, charity work © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Evaluation of Outdoor Training Pros include the perception that trust, cooperation, communication, self-confidence, and teamwork improve with outdoor training Cons include the perception that team members revert to old behaviors over time, team members come and go, thereby diluting the experience for their group, and team members are sometimes exposed to harm or injury © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

The Leader-Member Exchange Model (LMX) Proposes that leaders develop unique work relationships with group members Two subsets of employees result: The in-group is given additional rewards, responsibility, and trust in exchange for their loyalty and performance The out-group members are treated in accordance with a more formal understanding of leader-member relations © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Figure 9-1 The Leader-Member Exchange Model © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Summary Teamwork is an understanding of and commitment to group goals on the part of all group members Leaders must occupy many roles and employ many strategies (actions) to be an effective team builder © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Summary (cont’d) How leaders can improve teamwork include 1) actions using leaders’ own resources and 2) actions that rely on organizational structure or policy Outdoor training is a popular experiential approach to enhance teamwork; however, opinions about its effectiveness are mixed © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Summary (cont’d) According to the leader-member exchange model, leaders develop unique relationships with group members that result in an in-group and an out-group The leader’s first impression of a group member’s competency plays an important role in placing that person into the in-group or the out-group © 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.