SYPCNSA Department2007 Summer Youth Program: Internal Protocols: RIP & IGRP

SYPCNSA Department2007 To route a router need to know: –Remote Networks –Neighbor Routers –All Possible routes to remote network –The absolute best route to all remote networks –Maintain and verify the routing information What is Routing? CB A D

SYPCNSA Department2007 Basic Path Selection What interface will the router send out a packet if it has destination address of ?

SYPCNSA Department2007 Basic IP Routing B A e0 >ping B s0 Host A Host B

SYPCNSA Department2007 Routing/PDU Example: Host A Web browses to the HTTP Server…. 3. The destination port number in a segment header will have a value of __ 1. The destination address of a frame will be the _______________________ 2. The destination IP address of a packet will be the IP address of the ________________________________

SYPCNSA Department2007 Routing/PDU Example: Host A Web browses to the HTTP Server…. 3. The destination port number in a segment header will have a value of The destination address of a frame will be the Ethernet 0 on Lab A 2. The destination IP address of a packet will be the IP address of the NIC of the HTTP server

SYPCNSA Department SO Static Routes B A B Stub Network SO A Routes must be unidirectional

SYPCNSA Department2007 ip route remote network [mask] {address|interface} [distance] [permanent] Router(config)#ip route remote_network mask next_hop Static Route Configuration

SYPCNSA Department2007 ip route or ip route s0 Static Route Example SO B A B Stub Network SO

SYPCNSA Department2007 Default Routes SO B A B Stub Network SO ip route ip classless

SYPCNSA Department2007 Routing protocols are used between routers to: –Determine the path of a packet through a network –Maintain routing tables –Examples? Routed protocols are: –Assigned to an interface –Once the path is determined by the Routing protocol, determines method of delivery –Examples? Routing vs. Routed

SYPCNSA Department2007 Autonomous System 1Autonomous System 2 IGPs: RIP, IGRP EGPs: BGP Routing Protocols An autonomous system is a collection of networks under a common administrative domain. IGPs operate within an autonomous system. EGPs connect different autonomous systems.

SYPCNSA Department2007 Classful Routing Overview Classful routing protocols do not include the subnet mask with the route advertisement. –Within the same network, consistency of the subnet masks is assumed. –Summary routes are exchanged between foreign networks. –Examples of classful routing protocols: RIP Version 1 (RIPv1) IGRP

SYPCNSA Department2007 Classless Routing Overview Classless routing protocols include the subnet mask with the route advertisement. –Classless routing protocols support variable-length subnet masking (VLSM). –Summary routes can be manually controlled within the network. –Examples of classless routing protocols: RIP Version 2 (RIPv2) EIGRP OSPF IS-IS

SYPCNSA Department2007 IGRP Administrative Distance=100 Router D Router B Router A Router C RIP Administrative Distance=120 Default Administrative Distance Directly Connected: 0 Static Route: 1 RIP: 120 IGRP: 100 EIGRP: 90 OSPF: 110 Administrative Distance

SYPCNSA Department2007 CB A D Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Distance—How far Vector—In which direction Distance vector algorithms do not allow a router to know the exact topology of an internetwork. All routers just broadcast their entire routing table out all active interfaces on periodic time intervals Distance Vector

SYPCNSA Department2007 Discovering Routes

SYPCNSA Department2007 Routing Tables Populated

SYPCNSA Department2007 Routing Loops

SYPCNSA Department2007 Router Loops

SYPCNSA Department kbps T1 –Hop count metric selects the path, 16 is unreachable –Full route table broadcast every 30 seconds –Load balance maximum of 6 equal cost paths (default = 4) –RIPv2 supports VLSM and Discontiguous networks RIP Overview

SYPCNSA Department2007 Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network network-number* network network router RIP network network router RIP *Network is a classful network address. Every device on network uses the same subnet mask RIP Routing Configuration

SYPCNSA Department2007 RIP Version 2 Allows the use of variable length subnet masks (VLSM) by sending subnet mask information with each route update Distance Vector – same AD, and timers. Easy configuration, just add the command “version 2” under the router rip configuration router rip network version 2

SYPCNSA Department2007 Discontiguous Addressing Two networks of the same classful networks are separated by a different network address / / /24 –RIPv1 and IGRP do not advertise subnet masks, and therefore cannot support discontiguous subnets. –OSPF, EIGRP, and RIPv2 can advertise subnet masks, and therefore can support discontiguous subnets.

SYPCNSA Department2007 Passive Interface Maybe you don’t want to send RIP updates out your router interface connected to the Internet. Use the passive-interface command: Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#passive-interface serial0 This allows a router to receive route updates on an interface, but not send updates via that interface S0 Gateway Internet Updates X X

SYPCNSA Department2007 Verifying RIP Router#show ip protocols Router#show protocols Router#show ip route Router#debug ip rip Router#undebug all (un all)

SYPCNSA Department2007 IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - Cisco Proprietary Uses bandwidth and delay of the line by default to select best path Autonomous System Router D Router B Router A Router C Requires Autonomous System number for activation

SYPCNSA Department2007 IGRP vs. RIP The important IGRP characteristics are as follows: –More scalability than RIP –Fast response to network changes –Sophisticated metric –Multiple-path support

SYPCNSA Department2007 Router(config)#router igrp autonomous-system Router(config-router)#network network-number* *Network is a classful network address. Every device on network uses the same subnet mask network network router IGRP 10 network network router IGRP Configuring IGRP

SYPCNSA Department2007 Verifying IGRP Router# show ip route Router# show ip protocols Router# debug ip igrp transaction Router# debug ip igrp events Router# undebug all (un all)