TCSS 371A Machine Organization

Getting Started Get acquainted (take pictures) Discuss purpose, scope, and expectations of the course Discuss personal expectations & strategy for doing well Review Web Page ( Review Syllabus and Textbook Discuss Homework Format HW due 2nd period after assignment 30% Deduction for 3 rd period submission 50% Deduction for 4 th period submission

Today Discuss the levels of abstraction involved in a computer solution to problem Develop expertise in working with various numeric bases especially base 10, base 2 (binary), and base 16 (hexidecimal) Become proficient converting numbers from one base to another Tuesday: Become proficient with 2’s complement arithmetic Understand representation of floating point numbers Understand round off error, sign extension, and overflow

Abstractions: The levels of abstraction involved in a computer solution to problem: Problem Algorithm ( Definite/Precise, Computable, Finite ) Computer Program Instruction Set Architecture (Native Instructions) Microarchitecture Implementation (Functional Operation) Digital Circuits Physical Devices Operate by some form of energy {e.g. Electronic Current (Electrons) or Light Flow} Digital vs Analog Computers (Machines) ?

Develop expertise in working with various numeric bases Base 10 Base 2 (binary) Base 16 (hexidecimal) Others ? Be proficient converting numbers from one base to another Base 10 to binary Binary to Base 10 Base 10 to Hexidecimal Hexidecimal to Base 10 Binary to Hexidecimal Hexidecimal to Binary Others ?

Become proficient with binary number representation Unsigned binary Integers Signed Binary Integers (see Text Figure 2.1) Sign Magnitude 1’s Complement Binary Integers 2’s complement Binary Integers The binary point (what does it mean?)

Sign Extention Positive numbers Negative numbers

Signed Binary Integers:

Major Data Types Unsigned Integers Signed Integers Alphanumeric Data – ASCII & UNICODE Floating Point Numbers