The Filed of Communication1 Today’s To-Do  課本使用方式 For the book: For the book: Preface & TOC (Table of Contents)Preface & TOC (Table of Contents) Index or GlossaryIndex or Glossary For the chapter For the chapter Focus Questions or Lesson ObjectivesFocus Questions or Lesson Objectives Table, figures, colored box (F.Y.I. / Sharpen your skill)Table, figures, colored box (F.Y.I. / Sharpen your skill) Titles & headingsTitles & headings Key termsKey terms  上課 : Chapter 1: The Field of Communication 投影片採課本英文原文 投影片採課本英文原文 大約依課本的標題順序 大約依課本的標題順序

The Filed of Communication2 Lesson Objectives (Focus Questions)  Why study communication?  How long has the field existed?  How the field evolved over time?  How research conducted?  How to define?  What process and skills?  What are “two levels” of meaning?  What careers?

The Filed of Communication3 What Mike Does in a Day…  vs. Communication in Person  Individual vs. Team After spending 30 minutes making notes on the draft agenda…(p. 15) After spending 30 minutes making notes on the draft agenda…(p. 15)  Creating “Climate”  Planning Interviews  Date (Relationship)  Speech to a Group

The Filed of Communication4 Importance of Communication  We talk, listen, think, ask, answer, share ideas… So much communication in a day.  Personal Life Building Personal Identity (human vs. wolf, p. 18 f.y.i) Building Personal Identity (human vs. wolf, p. 18 f.y.i) Promoting Health (studies: pp ) Promoting Health (studies: pp )  Personal Relationships Marriage Marriage Family, Parent-child, Friends,… Family, Parent-child, Friends,…

The Filed of Communication5 Importance of Communication (2)  Professional Life Critical for Career Success (Talk & Listen) Critical for Career Success (Talk & Listen) Express Ideas, Giving & Gaining Support, Gaining Cooperation (studies: p. 20) (2007 Sogo 百貨董事長 )Express Ideas, Giving & Gaining Support, Gaining Cooperation (studies: p. 20) (2007 Sogo 百貨董事長 ) (2007 Sogo 百貨董事長 ) (2007 Sogo 百貨董事長 )  Civic Life For the the Health of Society For the the Health of Society Required for Democracy Required for Democracy Expressing Ideas, Claiming, Presenting & Listen to ArgumentsExpressing Ideas, Claiming, Presenting & Listen to Arguments

The Filed of Communication6 History of the Field  Began more than 2500 yrs ago  Rhetoric and Democratic Life Rhetoric born mid-400s B.C. on Isle of Syracuse Rhetoric born mid-400s B.C. on Isle of Syracuse Ancient Philosophers-Plato, Aristotle & Isocrates: Ancient Philosophers-Plato, Aristotle & Isocrates: Rhetoric as Central to Civic LifeRhetoric as Central to Civic Life Teaching Citizens: Analyze Listeners, Discover Ideas, Organize Messages, Develop Proof, and Deliver SpeechesTeaching Citizens: Analyze Listeners, Discover Ideas, Organize Messages, Develop Proof, and Deliver Speeches Aristotle’s 3 Cornerstones of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos, Logos (see p )Aristotle’s 3 Cornerstones of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos, Logos (see p ) Ethos: speaker’s credibility Ethos: speaker’s credibility Pathos: listener’s emotion Pathos: listener’s emotion Logos: proofs and reasoning Logos: proofs and reasoning

The Filed of Communication7 History of the Field (2)  Liberal Education (see next slide) Public speaking taught in colleges (Europe & U.S) Public speaking taught in colleges (Europe & U.S) Dewey: Progressive thinking (critical thinking) and citizen participation Dewey: Progressive thinking (critical thinking) and citizen participation 部分中文文獻以 ” 博雅教育 ” 稱之 部分中文文獻以 ” 博雅教育 ” 稱之  After WW I & II Social Issues: Prejudice, Propaganda, Attitude & Belief Changes Social Issues: Prejudice, Propaganda, Attitude & Belief Changes

The Filed of Communication8 Liberal Education "The aim of liberal education is to create persons who have the ability and the disposition to try to reach agreements on matters of fact, theory, and actions through rational discussions.“ "The Aim of Liberal Education," "The Aim of Liberal Education," "Welcome to the University of Chicago." Addressed by Andrew Abbott

The Filed of Communication9 History of the Field (3)  Mid- 20 th Century Scientific, empirical research gaining prominence Scientific, empirical research gaining prominence Research & Professional Groups Research & Professional Groups  Civil Rights, Women’s Movement, Interpersonal Communication Civil Rights, Women’s Movement, Interpersonal Communication  Michel Foucault (French) Ideas about “Power” (who gets to speak…) Ideas about “Power” (who gets to speak…)

The Filed of Communication10 Research in Communication  Quantitative Research Descriptive Statistics, Survey, Experiment Descriptive Statistics, Survey, Experiment  Qualitative Research Looking into meaning, function… Looking into meaning, function… Textual Analysis, Ethnography, Historical Study Textual Analysis, Ethnography, Historical Study  Critical Research Identify & Challenge Communication Practices Identify & Challenge Communication Practices To Advance Social Awareness To Advance Social Awareness

The Filed of Communication11 Defining Communication  Communication as “a systemic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings”  Features Process: dynamic and ever-changing Process: dynamic and ever-changing Systemic: interrelated parts, context, surroundings Systemic: interrelated parts, context, surroundings Symbolic: abstract, arbitrary, ambiguous representations Symbolic: abstract, arbitrary, ambiguous representations Meanings: created by symbols through interactions Meanings: created by symbols through interactions Content level of meaning (…two-level meaning)Content level of meaning (…two-level meaning) Relationship level of meaningRelationship level of meaning

The Filed of Communication12 Models of Communication  Linear Models (p. 30) Laswell (1948): Who Says What in What Channel to Whom with What Effect? Laswell (1948): Who Says What in What Channel to Whom with What Effect? Shannon & Weaver (1949): “Noise” introduced Shannon & Weaver (1949): “Noise” introduced  Interactive Models Schramm (1955): “Feedback” added Schramm (1955): “Feedback” added  Transactional Models (p. 32) Wood (1997): Non-sequential, simultaneous, changing over time Wood (1997): Non-sequential, simultaneous, changing over time

The Filed of Communication13 Breadth of the Field  Intrapersonal Communication: self-talk, “thinking” self-talk, “thinking”  Interpersonal Communication: between people between people  Performance Studies performing personal, professional, social identities performing personal, professional, social identities  Group & Team Communication: leadership, roles, group goals, cohesion (fantasy themes) leadership, roles, group goals, cohesion (fantasy themes)

The Filed of Communication14 Breadth of the Field (2)  Public Communication: speak to others, credibility, persuasion speak to others, credibility, persuasion  Organizational Communication: leadership, commitment, decision making, organizational culture leadership, commitment, decision making, organizational culture  Mass Communication media, stereotypes media, stereotypes

The Filed of Communication15 Breadth of the Field (3)  Technologies of Communication human community, information & knowledge human community, information & knowledge  Intercultural Communication meanings & cultures meanings & cultures  Ethics and Communication relationships, rights, moral principles relationships, rights, moral principles

The Filed of Communication16 Unifying Themes and Processes in the Field  Unifying Themes Symbolic activities Symbolic activities Meaning Meaning Ethics Ethics  Basic Processes (6 processes) Perceiving & Understanding Perceiving & Understanding Creating Interaction Climates Creating Interaction Climates Engaging in Verbal Communication Engaging in Verbal Communication Engaging in Non-verbal Communication Engaging in Non-verbal Communication Listening & Responding Listening & Responding Adapting to Contexts Adapting to Contexts

The Filed of Communication17 Careers in Communication  Research  Education  Mass Communication  Training & Consulting  Human Relations, Human Development & Management