1 Remote sensing applications in Oceanography: How much we can see using ocean color? Martin A Montes Ph.D Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Spring 2008
2 Main topics Introduction: definitions, sensor characteristics Model development: IOP’s, AOP’s, Forward and Inversion approach Applications: chl, phytoplankton size structure
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5 Ocean color sensors Definition: Types: Passive vs Active Sensor characteristics: swath, footprint, revisiting time, spectral resolution
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7 ‘Atmospheric windows’
8 Ocean color sensors: characteristics First sensors: B& W Temporal resolution: revisiting time? Spectral resolution: number of channels?, bandwidth?
9 Ocean color sensors: characteristics
10 Ocean color sensors: characteristics
11 Ocean color sensors: characteristics
12 Ideally we need to match channels and optical signatures SIO PIER
13 Ocean color sensors: characteristics
14 Ocean color sensors: Other criteria to keep in mind
15 Ocean color sensors: S/N of detectors
16 Ocean color sensors: types
17 Lidar and detection of plankton and fish layers Spatial Variability in Spatial Variability in Biological Standing Stocks and SST across the GOA Basin and Shelves Evelyn Brown, Martin Montes, James Churnside. AFSC Symposium
18 Model development Inherent and apparent Optical properties IOP’S and biogeochemical parameters Forward vs Inversion models
19 Inherent and Apparent Optical properties IOP’s: not influenced by the light field (e.g., a, b, c coefficients) IOP’s: influenced by the light field (e.g., R rs, K d )
20 IOP’S & biogeochemical parameters AbsorptionBackscattering PhytoplanktonCDOMPOCSPM VSF??
21 Forward vs Inversion models Forward: IOP’s R rs (Hydrolight or non-commercial code) Inversion: R rs (Empirical, analytical, statistical) IOP’s
22 Forward vs Inversion models Forward: Monte Carlo simulations Montes-Hugo et al. 2006, SPIE
23 Inversion models
24 Applications 1. Chlorophyll a concentration in case II waters of Alaska 2. Phytoplankton size structure in Antarctic waters
25 Chlorophyll a concentration in case II waters of Alaska Montes-Hugo et al RSE R rs :R rs : Seawifs, MODIS, Microsas, hand-held spectrometer b b = HydroScat Empirical:Empirical: band ratio vs spectral curvature
26 TOA 200 m height Spectral curvature Remote sensing reflectance RMSlog10 = 0.41 RMSlog10 = 0.33 No regression Validation
27 STAY AWAY FROM CDOM USING LONGER WAVELENGTHS!!
28 Phytoplankton size structure in Antarctic waters Montes-Hugo et al IJRS Spectral Backscattering approach b b from HS-6 R rs from PRR, SeaWiFS Phytoplankton size: chl fractions, HPLC b bx ( ) = M ( o / ) bbx
29 Phytoplankton size structure in Antarctic waters Field data PRR
30 Phytoplankton size structure in Antarctic waters
31 HydroScat-6
32 SeaWiFS
33 Model validation based on HPLC signatures
34 Thank you!!