Chapter 15-18: Classification of Organisms

Taxonomy Classification & naming of life Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus –Binomial nomenclature

Systematic Classification

Phylogenetics

The Kingdoms of Life Archaea EukaryaBacteria Archaea ProtistaBacteriaAnimaliaPlantaeFungi Before the creation of “domains” - 5 Kingdoms Now: - 3 Domains  6 Kingdoms ProtistaMoneraAnimaliaPlantaeFungi

Review of Prokaryotes Includes Archaea and Bacteria Lack nucleus Majority of DNA = single large ring Reproduce via binary fission Posses cell wall different from plants

Domain Bacteria Only a few bad apples Most abundant group of organisms

-Extreme environment (i.e., salt lakes, acidic hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents) -More closely related to eukaryotes Domain Archaea

Prokaryotes help recycle chemicals and clean up the environment –Bioremediation Is the use of organisms to clean up pollution –Prokaryotes are decomposers in Sewage treatment and can clean up oil spills and toxic mine wastes Liquid wastes Outflow Rotating spray arm Rock bed coated with aerobic bacteria and fungi

Domain Eukarya Kingdoms - Protista - Fungi - Plantae - Animalia

Protista (Protists) First eukaryotes Most diverse kingdom Mostly unicellular Often grouped as: –Plant-like (algae) –Animal-like (protozoans) –Fungi-like (slime molds)

…Protists Practical uses –Diatoms = comet and toothpaste –Algae in ice cream and cosmetics –Sushi

Fungi Heterotrophic –Decomposers Chitin Cell Walls Multicellular Practical Uses –Penicillium –Yeast

Lichen

Plantae (Plants) = multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes that contain cell walls made of cellulose –Usually Terrestrial –Sedentary –Indeterminate growth

Bryophytes (nonvascular plants) Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts No vascular tissue –Small bodied Obtain water and nutrients through osmosis and diffusion H 2 O required for fertilization

Vascular Tissue Function Xylem Phloem

Seedless Vascular Plants Ferns and club mosses Vascular tissue present –Larger size H 2 O required for fertilization

Seed Plants (Vascular) Dependent upon pollination Seed = embryo + food + protective coat –Dispersal –Dormancy –Germination –Nourishment Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Gymnosperms Conifers

Angiosperms Most diverse and abundant plants Very efficient

Animalia (animals) Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell wall Active Movement Diverse in form and habitat Reproduce sexually Unique embryonic development and tissues

Kingdom Animalia Phlya: –Porifera –Cnidaria –Platyhelmenthes –Nematoda –Molluska –Annelida –Arthropoda –Echinodermata –Chordata

Phylum Porifera Add sponge diagram & pics

Phylum Cnidaria

Radial Symmetry

Cnidocytes

Phylum Platyhelmenthes

Bilateral Symmetry

Body Cavities - Acoelomate

Body Cavities - Pseudocoelomate

Body Cavities - Coelomate

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Molluska

Mollusk Key Features

Phylum Annelida

Segmentation

Phylum Arthropoda

Arthropod Body Plan

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

Vertebrates