IT Systems Operating System EN230-1 Justin Champion C208 – 3273 www.staffs.ac.uk/personal/engineering_and_technology/jjc1.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
FatMax Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5.
Advertisements

?  Able to explain the 6 key functions of system software  Able to explain each using a suitable example  Identify three different system software.
Lesson 4 0x Operating Systems.
Operating System.
Lecture 11: Operating System Services. What is an Operating System? An operating system is an event driven program which acts as an interface between.
The Operating System. What is an Operating System? The program that is loaded first and manages the hardware resources like main memory, backing storage.
Operating Systems An operating system is a set of programs that controls how the hardware of a computer works. An operating system provides a means of.
IT Systems Multiprocessor System EN230-1 Justin Champion C208 –
EEE 435 Principles of Operating Systems Principles and Structure of I/O Software (Modern Operating Systems 5.2 & 5.3) 5/22/20151Dr Alain Beaulieu.
Operating Systems: Software in the Background
Introduction to Operating Systems What is an operating system? Examples How do many programs run at the same time, with one processor?
Chapter 11 Operating Systems
1 Operating Systems Ch An Overview. Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software Irv Englander, John Wiley, Bare Bones Computer.
IT Systems Memory EN230-1 Justin Champion C208 –
Operating Systems.
Systems Software Operating Systems.
The Operating System. Operating Systems (F) What you need to know about –operating system as a program; –directory/folder.
Week 6 Operating Systems.
Operating Systems What do you have left on your computer after you strip away all of the games and application programs you bought and installed? Name.
Systems Software & Operating systems
Operating Systems  By the end of this session, you will know: What an Operating System is. The functions it performs.
CS 1308 Computer Literacy and the Internet. Introduction  Von Neumann computer  “Naked machine”  Hardware without any helpful user-oriented features.
Software GCSE COMPUTING.
Standard Grade Computing System Software & Operating Systems.
Operating system Structure and Operation by Dr. Amin Danial Asham.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Chapter 3: Operating Systems Computer Science: An Overview Tenth Edition.
How Hardware and Software Work Together
Computing and the Web Operating Systems. Overview n What is an Operating System n Booting the Computer n User Interfaces n Files and File Management n.
Operating Systems Lecture 2 Processes and Threads Adapted from Operating Systems Lecture Notes, Copyright 1997 Martin C. Rinard. Zhiqing Liu School of.
Operating Systems JEOPARDY Computer Repair NetworkOS OS Tasks ConceptsComponentsMisc
Operating System Basics section 6A. This lesson includes the following sections: Running Programs Managing Files Managing Hardware Utility Software.
Lecture 3 Process Concepts. What is a Process? A process is the dynamic execution context of an executing program. Several processes may run concurrently,
Systems Software Operating Systems. What is software? Software is the term that we use for all the programs and data that we use with a computer system.
© Paradigm Publishing Inc. 4-1 OPERATING SYSTEMS.
Systems Software Operating Systems. What is software? Software is the term that we use for all the programs and data that we use with a computer system.
1 Operating Systems: Principles and Practice Cpr E 308.
OPERATING SYSTEM - program that is loaded into the computer and coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices. -controls the hardware.
A Level Computing for AQA Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM 42 CHAPTER: Operating systems Nick Sims Basic functions Classifying operating systems.
Basic Systems and Software. Were we left off Computers are programmable (formal) machines. Digital information is stored as a series of two states (1.
We will focus on operating system concepts What does it do? How is it implemented? Apply to Windows, Linux, Unix, Solaris, Mac OS X. Will discuss differences.
An operating system is the software that makes everything in the computer work together smoothly and efficiently. What is an Operating System?
1 Software. 2 What is software ► Software is the term that we use for all the programs and data on a computer system. ► Two types of software ► Program.
An operating system (OS) is a collection of system programs that together control the operation of a computer system.
GCSE Computing: A451 Computer Systems & Programming Topic 3 Software System Software (1) The Operating System.
Operating System (Reference : OS[Silberschatz] + Norton 6e book slides)
System Software (1) The Operating System
OPERATING SYSTEM REVIEW. System Software The programs that control and maintain the operation of the computer and its devices The two parts of system.
An operating system for a large-scale computer that is used by many people at once is a very complex system. It contains many millions of lines of instructions.
UNIX U.Y: 1435/1436 H Operating System Concept. What is an Operating System?  The operating system (OS) is the program which starts up when you turn.
Systems Software / The Operating System CSC October 14, 2010.
Operating Systems What an Operating System is.
Operating System & Application Software
Lesson 4 0x Operating Systems.
Chapter Objectives In this chapter, you will learn:
Operating System Review
2. OPERATING SYSTEM 2.1 Operating System Function
Operating Systems •The kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that.
Lesson Objectives Aims Key Words Interrupt, Buffer, Priority, Stack
Advanced OS Concepts (For OCR)
Chapter 4 – Introduction to Operating System Concepts
Computer Software CS 107 Lecture 2 September 1, :53 PM.
Operating System Review
Systems Software Keywords Operating Systems
OPERATING SYSTEMS.
Operating System Review
COMPUTER PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACES
Software - Operating Systems
Introduction to Operating Systems
Presentation transcript:

IT Systems Operating System EN230-1 Justin Champion C208 –

IT Systems Contents What is it? Why are they there Functionality which is given by the OS

IT Systems Most Computers have this in some form Famous Examples Microsoft Windows Linux Unix Apple Panther Some you pay for some are free A operating system (OS) is large program which controls the hardware and software on a device Computers which have limited functionality do not need a OS

IT Systems What does the OS do At the most simplest Controls the use of the hardware Memory Processor Interfaces Controls the software which runs on the machine CPU time allocated Allowing multiple application to run at once, ensuring that they all get a fair share of the available resources Allows a programmer to create software without worrying about the underlying hardware The hardware is abstracted away from the programmer. Instructions sent to a piece of hardware will be converted to the correct format

IT Systems Types of OS Single user Multi-Tasking Windows and Linux are examples of this, with multiple things happening at once Printing whilst writing a document Single-user, Single Task Only one user using the device accessing one item at a time. There are not many of these operating system available now Multi user, Multi-Tasking Multiple users carrying out a large number of tasks at once Windows server edition and UNIX is an example of this There are other types of OS Real-Time OS, etc

IT Systems Starting the machine The BIOS carries out its interactions BIOS Basic Input Output System (BIOS) Discussed in last weeks lecture The hard disk is accessed looking for a small program This is called the bootstrap This is located on the hard disc at track zero, head zero, sector one In modern motherboards/BIOS the hard disc to boot from can be selected or can be a CD-ROM

IT Systems Bootstrap This small program takes responsibility for locating the main operating system It will allocate an area of memory Load a limited number of drivers to control hardware Once located it will start the loading of the OS will begin Control is then handed to the OS

IT Systems The OS Then loads the Kernel Microsoft has a kernel as well as Linux It is just that Linux push the term Kernel more Kernel is a piece of software which remains in memory It takes control of Memory Management Task Management Process Management Disc Management Size As the kernel remains in memory it is essential that it is small

IT Systems Shell This is the software which interacts with the Kernel Kernel GUI Shell Command Line Shell Hardware

IT Systems What the OS does Process Management A process is a small program which needs access to the CPU. A single process may generate several processes Example would be Microsoft Word Each of these processes will need access to the processor and memory

IT Systems Multitasking OS on a single CPU This is where more than one task can appear to take place at once Only one thing can be done by a processor at any time To allow the effect of multiprocessing on a single processor Process are swapped in and out of memory The work being stored on the stack This can the be retrieved later The process manager of the OS allocates a number of CPU cycles to the process After this all of the settings and position the process is stored and another process can use the CPU

IT Systems Single task OS These are easier to create They in theory will work on a single task until it is complete and then start the next In reality there are certain conditions that the processor must respond to. The processor is informed another process needs the processor by a interrupt. Consider a interrupt as a signal to indicate to the CPU to look at it. It is the same as in a lecture whilst the lecturer is talking if someone stands up. The lecture will stop talking and look at the student waiting for information

IT Systems Interrupts Interrupts can be generated by hardware or software A standard PC has 15 hardware and 255 software interrupts A lot of the hardware interrupts are defined and set IRQ NumberDescriptionIRQ NumberDescription 0System Timer8Real-Time Clock 1Keyboard9Open 2Cascade Interrupt10Open 3Second Serial port11Open 4First Serial Port12PS2 mouse 5Sound Card13Floating point unit 6Floppy Disk Controller14Primary IDE hard disc 7Parallel Port15Secondary IDE hard disc

IT Systems Interrupt types The processor does not have to respond to all interrupts Some interrupts can be Masked This indicates that the processor can ignore them A keyboard interrupt for example, this can wait until a suitable time Non maskable interrupts indicate that these must be dealt with quickly A Memory error is a example of this

IT Systems Multitask operating systems If we have more than one process on a machine hardware must be shared This give the opportunity for more than one process to request a single resource, like the hard disc If process A requires the hard disc and tries to write to a file Process B then gets access to the CPU and requires the hard disc trying to write a file locks the hard disc, but can not get access to it because process A has it Now two processes have both locked the hard disc, neither of them able to do anything This is referred to as Deadlock

IT Systems Deadlock The system will appear to have crashed if this occurs The system has not crashed just nothing useful can be done The software itself or the OS needs to deal with this condition Other condition to prevent is Live lock

IT Systems Live lock Process A wants to write to the hard disc Process B requests to write to the hard disc Process A releases the hard disc Process B now gain access to the hard disc Process A requests the hard disc Process B releases the hard disc Process A gets the hard disc Process B requests the hard disc Etc, etc, etc. No work is actually done As each device gets the device something else requests it This is referred to as Live lock, where processes are continuously changing but no useful work is actually done

IT Systems Methods of dealing with these conditions Semaphore A variable is set which is set to indicate that a resource is being used at a time Once this variable is returned to a state where no one is using it the next device can request access to the device and then set the semaphore to busy again Management of the processes

IT Systems Management of the processes Managing the processes prevent problems All resources can be given a number The processes which then request the resource must request them in order All resource request must be done at the beginning of the processes life In this respect if all of the resources can be granted the process can wait

IT Systems Management of the processes In the event of a problem Rollback Roll the processes back to a point where this condition did not occur Easier said than done Kill the process Making it restart and request the resources again Pre-emption Forcibly remove a resource from one of the processes

IT Systems Multitasking OS Each of the processes is given a limited amount of time with the processors When it is the turn of a new task the current state and data of the process is saved and the new process is loaded into the CPU If the number of CPU cycles which are allocated to each task is too small then most of these are wasted swapping into the processor This is referred to as thrashing, were no real work is done If too many CPU cycles are allocated to each process then the machine will appear to be running slowly as it will have to wait for each process to get a turn at the processor The processor management part of the OS needs to balance these requirements.

IT Systems Memory Management Physical memory Is a finite resource Ensures that the current application is in main memory Managing the Virtual Memory As required, some data will be moved out of memory into Virtual memory on the hard disk

IT Systems Links Microsoft discussion of the Windows XP Kernel functionality msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/01/12/XPKerne l/default.aspx

IT Systems Summary of what we have discussed What A OS is BIOS What the OS does Process Management Dead Locks Live Locks Memory Management