Widening the Scope of Adaptive Optics Matthew Britton.

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Presentation transcript:

Widening the Scope of Adaptive Optics Matthew Britton

The Seeing Limit

Atmospheric Turbulence

Wavefront phase Seeing limited image Diffraction limited image

Long Exposure PSFs Diffraction limit Seeing limit Seeing limit (x40) Angular Resolution ~ D 0 Point source Sensitivity ~ D 2 Angular Resolution ~ D Point source Sensitivity ~ D 4

Palomar Seeing on Aug 20, 2005

Turbulence Profiles

Diffraction Limited PSFs

Seeing Limited PSFs

Adaptive Optics

NGC 7469 (CFHT) Neptune (Keck) NGC 3603 (VLT)

Anisoplanatism

Modeling the PSF OTF oa = OTF gs * ATF

An Experiment at Palomar

Observations of a 21” Binary Guide Star Companion OTF gs * ATF = OTF oa Turbulence theory C n 2 profile measurements

Why is this experiment important? Establish consistency of DIMM/MASS measurements and AO PSFs Test theoretical formulation of anisoplanatism If successful, allows PSF predictions over wide fields.

Observed and Predicted PSFs

Strehl Ratios vs. Time

Predicted vs. Measured Strehls

Differential Photometry and Astrometry M(x,y) = A P(x+  x,y+  y) A - differential photometry  x,  y - differential astrometry

Fitting the Observation I(r) = OTF gs (r) + d * OTF oa (r) * exp{i  r} d = differential photometry  = differential astrometry

Fit Residuals

Differential Photometry 2.12  m /  m / Relative Intensity

Differential Astrometry 2.12  m / /  m / /  

Observations of a Quadruple

Modelling the Observation

LGS Adaptive Optics

Laser Tilt Indeterminacy Pilkington 1987 (Nature)

Adaptive Optics with Lasers

LGS PSFs on a 10 m Aperture

Keck LGS observation Of M5 (Courtesy of the CfAO Treasury Survey)

Advanced Wide Field Adaptive Optics

A Preliminary Comment Field dependence of the AO system performance is a function of: Aperture diameter Observing wavelength Guide star configuration How the adaptive mirrors are deployed Zenith angle Turbulence conditions (-> time)

Single Laser AO (SLGLAO) Poor to moderate performance over a modest field FOV = 70” (D / 30 m)(90 km / h)

Ground Layer AO (GLAO) Poor performance Field uniformity

Tomography

Laser Tomography AO (LTAO) Good performance on axis

Multiconjugate AO (MCAO) Good performance over 30” field

Multiobject AO (MOAO) Intermediate performance over 5’ field

Conclusions There are a number of ways to provide wide field AO compensation. Postprocessing using turbulence profiles XXAO At least one of them is likely to work for your observations…