Introduction to Social Psychology. Study Smarter: Student Website Chapter Reviews Diagnostic Quizzes Vocabulary Flashcards.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Lecture 3 Social Cognition. Social Cognition: Outline Introduction Controlled and Automatic Processing Ironic Processing Schemas Advantages and disadvantages.
Advertisements

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Personality Introductory Issues. Personality Defined  Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that is organized.
Essentials of Psychology 5e
Welcome to Psychology! Ms. Zendrian. What is Psychology?  Studying psychology helps us to understand who we are, where our thoughts come from, our actions,
Software Engineering Experimentation Experimental Terms Jeff Offutt
Culture and psychological knowledge: A Recap
Research Design: The Experimental Model and Its Variations
Research in Psychology Chapter Two
Fundamental Concepts in Behavioural Ecology. The relationship between behaviour, ecology, and evolution –Behaviour : The decisive processes by which individuals.
Personality, 9e Jerry M. Burger
Agenda for January 25 th Administrative Items/Announcements Attendance Handouts: course enrollment, RPP instructions Course packs available for sale in.
Women Are From Earth, Men Are From Earth. Thesis Different patterns of behavior in men and women can be explained by the same principle: natural selection.
How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
General Psychology (PY110)
The History and Methods of Cognitive Psychology. What is Cognitive Psychology? The branch of psychology that studies how we perceive, attend, recognize,
Chapter 1 What is Psychology?.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology Social Psychology by Tom Gilovich, Dacher Keltner, and Richard Nisbett.
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1.
AIM: AP Psychology 1 st Quarter Interim Review DO NOW: Take out your review sheets, get into groups of 5…MOVE YOUR DESKS TOGETHER!
@ 2012 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Chapter 11 The Ecology of the Experiment: The Scientist and Research Participant in Relation to Their
Overview and Methodology. Macrosociology: the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society and large-scale.
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Goals: History of Psychology – Students will 1. Explain the historical background of the field of psychology. 2. Describe the six main contemporary perspectives.
Introduction to Social Psychology. Study Smarter: Student Website Chapter Reviews Diagnostic Quizzes Vocabulary Flashcards.
WEEK 2 Research Methods. Week 1 Summary  Changes in definition of psychology  Current perspectives  Subfields of psychology  Four big ideas.
Introduction to Social Psychology
I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATION S LIDES F OR I NTRODUCTORY P SYCHOLOGY.
CASIE Workshop Psychology Session 2: Teaching the Levels of Analysis.
Class Starter # 5 zWhat are the 3 types of research done by psychologists?
Chapter 2 The Research Enterprise in Psychology. Table of Contents The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Basic assumption: events are governed by.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Motivational Needs and Processes Chapter Six.
Social Beliefs: Lecture #3 topics
Mary Jones. Psychology: The Science of Behavior and Mental Processes Psychologists attempt to understand Observable behavior: Such as speech and physical.
Introduction to Social Psychology What is Social Psychology?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Psychology.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research.
1.Behavior geneticists study the genetic basis of behavior and personality differences among people. 2.The more closely people are biologically related,
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Unit 2 Research Methods: Thinking critically with psychological science.
Research Methods in Psychology Chapter 2. The Research ProcessPsychological MeasurementEthical Issues in Human and Animal ResearchBecoming a Critical.
Lecture #2 Research Methods Music: “Logical” Supertramp “Science is Real” They Might be Giants.
Chapter 2 The Research Enterprise in Psychology. Table of Contents The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Basic assumption: events are governed by.
Introduction to Psychology Critical Thinking, Research & Ethics.
Ms. Carmelitano. Define Altruism: When one person helps another for no reward, and even at some cost to themselves Bell Ringer.
Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
The Biological Level of Analysis Formal Lecture. Biological Level of analysis At the most basic level of analysis, human beings are biological systems.
Research in Psychology Chapter Two 8-10% of Exam AP Psychology.
Chapter 1 What is Psychology?. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and.
Free Response Question Practice Writing. FRQ #1 – You may use your notes/E- books/textbooks Psychology has a variety of complementary yet incomplete perspectives.
Unit X Test - Part II - FRQ Grading Rubric. FRQ Prompt Psychology has a variety of complementary yet incomplete perspectives that help us understand behavior.
Chapter 1: The Science Of Psychology
By Lisa Fiore 1.  How does psychoanalytic theory explain development across the lifespan?  What is the relationship between psychosocial crises and.
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology.
Chapter Two Psychological Science. RESEARCH GOALS Basic Research Answers fundamental questions about behavior – e.g., how nerves conduct impulses from.
Copyright © 2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited PSY 2110F SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY  Introduction  Blackboard  Course Outline  Questions.
Vocab unit 1 History and Approaches. the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
Psychology Unit 1 Vocabulary. Unit 1 - Psychology 1. Applied research 2. Basic research 3. Biological perspective 4. Cognitive perspective 5. Functionalism.
Psychological Perspectives Seven Ways of Approaching Psychology.
Definition Slides Unit 1: History of Psychology. Empiricism = ?
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
Definition Slides.
Psychology Ch. 2 The Biological Basis of Behavior Evolution
ETHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
The Science of Psychology
How Do Psychologists Ask & Answer Questions?
7 Themes of Psychology.
Parental Investment and Sex Differences in Sexual Behavior
Definition Slides.
Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Social Psychology

Study Smarter: Student Website Chapter Reviews Diagnostic Quizzes Vocabulary Flashcards Apply It! Exercises

Puzzle of Large Human Brain Why do humans have super large neocortex? Old assumption: the brain evolved to process factual information about objects of ecological relevance The Social Brain Hypothesis (R. Dunbar, 1998)

Only reliable predictor of brain size is social group size Human group size for which our brain was adapted for = 150

Outline Two How (proximal factors) Power of situations Construal The Why (distal factors) Evolution Culture How we know: Basic research methods Selection versus treatment effects Correlational and experimental studies Avoiding the correlation-causation fallacy

Case of New York City Crime Crime rates in NYC plummeted suddenly in the mid 1990s Why?

The Power of The Situation o Classic issue in social psychology: to what extent behavior is caused by personality or situational influences? o Batson and Darley’s “Good Samaritan” Study

“Good Samaritan” Study o Students at Princeton Theological Seminary o Personality: religion as means to end vs. as end in itself o Situation: plenty of time vs in a hurry o Who helped?

The Power of The Situation The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Power of Construal People often think about, perceive, or ‘construe’ the same stimulus in different ways. It is their construal which affects behavior in a situation. Social reality is interpreted! Controlled, conscious, slow Automatic, unconscious, rapid

The Cooperation Game Personality: cooperators vs. competitors Construal: “Wall Street Game” vs. “Community Game” Who cooperates?

Un petit yoghourt, s’il vous plait! Higher obesity rates in France than in North America—why? Portion sizes much smaller in France than in North America Portion size or # of portions determine amount eaten? “Unit bias” Study by Geier, Rozin, & Doros (2006)

Distal Explanations o Evolution - explaining human behavior in terms of evolution by natural selection o Culture – explaining human behavior in terms of the cultural context in which humans live o Not mutually exclusive, but complementary

Evolution and Human Behavior o Traits that enhance the probability of survival and reproduction are passed on to subsequent generations o This principle is just as important for behavioral propensities as they are for biological characteristics o Core innately given mental propensities that (along with cultural experiences) allow us to learn, achieve goals, and solve problems

Example: Kin Selection And Altruism Degree of Relatedness The stronger the genetic relatedness, the more volunteering to help (Cunningham et al, 1995) This pattern holds across many cultures for many helping behaviors

Some Misconceptions about Evolutionary Psychology Naturalistic fallacy: Biology is destiny fallacy: Both are false!

Culture Socially transmitted beliefs, behaviors, and their material consequences which affect behaviour 1) Cultural learning 2) Cultural variation in psychology

Love and Marriage across Cultures (Levine et al, 1995) If a man (woman) had all other qualities you desired, would you marry this person if you were not in love? (% AGREE)

HelpfulnessLowHigh Frequency Average Difference Culture is a statistical distribution of beliefs and behaviors, with average differences but individual differences within each culture Culture A Culture B

Levels of Explanation in Social Psychology Culture Evolution ConstrualSituations Social Behaviour

Doing Research Treatment effects vs. selection effects Treatment: exposure to some cause affects behaviour Selection: people with certain characteristics tend to choose certain environments

Correlation is NOT causation! XCorrelationY Self-esteem Academic Achievement X Y X Z Y

Doing Research o Correlational Research: examine whether two variables are related (positive or negative) o Experimental Research: examine whether one variable causes another variable, holding other variables constant

Doing Research Experimental Research o Independent Variable oEx: o Dependent Variable oEx: o Random Assignment o Control Group

Summary Two proximal themes of social psychology 1) Power of situations 2) Construal Small causes have big effects The Fundamental Attribution Error The Why questions--distal explanations Evolution The naturalistic fallacy; the biology is destiny fallacy Culture Culture is not destiny either--statistical distribution of beliefs that influence behaviour

Summary How we know: Basic research methods Selection versus treatment effects Correlational and experimental studies Correlation-causation fallacy