Rules of The Road Purpose and Scope

Agenda This section of instruction will cover the Rules of the Road, as published in the Navigation Rules (COMDTINST M16672.2D)

References COMDTINST M16672.2D Referred to by mariners as the “Rules of the Road”

Navigation Rules Purpose and Scope AGENDA: Purpose and Scope Principles of Maritime Law Rule #1 Applicability Rule #2 Rule of Good Seamanship Rule #3 General Definitions Applicable reading: USCG pp. 1-11. The most important thing to remember about the rules of the road is what they don’t do: the rules are not intended to be used to determine blame after a collision has occurred. They are intended to prevent the collisions in the first place. Hence their full name: Regulations for the Avoidance of Collisions at Sea How? = The rules are designed to state who should take action first to avoid a collision. They also establish ways for sailors who speak hundreds of different languages to speak to each other. In 1940, Captain Raymond Farwell said that “the rules, if implicitly obeyed, are practically collision-proof.”

Purpose of Scope of the Rules of the Road Sources: 1972 COLREGS (International Rules) Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea Amended in 1983, 1989, 1991 by the IMO 1980 Navigation Rules Act (Inland Rules) Applies exclusively to US inland waters NOTE: Navigation Rules have the force of law. History: Prior to the rules, each country had its own rules International Maritime Organization (IMO) Met in 1972 with representatives from 52 nations International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) Principles: 1. NavRules apply based upon a vessel’s location COLREGS line of demarcation  territorial waters National/International Rules 2. NavRules have the force of law, they are mandatory Issue of Jurisdiction - US Federal Court 3. Obedience must be timely and positive Incremental course changes 4. NavRules apply to all vessels every description of watercraft Navy and Coast Guard vessels also fall under the Rules Contrast with” The king can do no wrong” theory

Rule 1(a): Applicability Nav Rules apply based upon a vessel’s location. COLREGS Line of Demarcation “These rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.” INLAND/INTERNATIONAL – the Line of Demarkation, shown on this chart as a pink line, will tell you when international rules of the road are observed.

Rule 2: Responsibility “Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seaman.” General Prudential Rule: the mariner is responsible not only for complying with the Rules but also for avoiding a collision. Special Situations In extremis situations The rules must be obeyed, but they must not be blindly obeyed at the expense of good seamanship. The rules give you no excuse for hitting someone. Rule of Good Seamanship General Prudential Rule Special Situations Rules don’t cover every possible scenario: Ships operating in reverse (TR and LTG collision) Ships that are adrift There is no comprehensive list of IF…THEN’s In Extremis Literally: “at the point of death” or collision imminent Collision can be avoided only by action of both vessels It means one or both of the vessels failed to take the 1st line of preventive measures.

Special Situations (not covered by the Rules)

What is Good Seamanship? A. Turn around and go the other way. B. Speed up and pass vessel B on her starboard side. C. Overtake Vessel B on her port side after signaling. D. Slow down and stay behind Vessel B.

Rule 3: General Definitions Vessel Power driven vessel Sailing vessel Underway Making way Not making way Special Conditions Vessel engaged in fishing Not under command Restricted in ability to maneuver Constrained by draft (int’l rules only) Vessel - every description of watercraft (non-displacement craft, seaplanes) that are used or capable of being used as a means of transportation. Inner-tubes - no; sailboards - yes human/animal powered vessels are not covered under the rules - use Rule #2 (Good seamanship) - still don’t hit them Power- driven vessel - any vessel propelled by machinery Sailing vessel - any vessel under sail (not using engines for propulsion) See ROR for remaining definitions.

Rule 3: Definitions Vessel Vessel: includes every description of water craft used or capable of being used as a means on transportation on water. Includes: Power-driven vessels Sailboats Seaplanes Non-displacement craft WIG “Power driven vessel”

Rule 3: Definitions Vessel engaged in fishing Vessel engaged in fishing means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability. Does NOT include: Vessel engaged in trolling.

Rule 3: Definitions Vessel not under command Vessel not under command means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstances is unable to maneuver to comply with the Rules. Examples: Propulsion casualty Steering casualty

Rule 3: Definitions Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver means a vessel which from the nature of her work is unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. Examples: Laying navaids Dredging/Surveying UNREP Flight Ops Mineclearance Ops

Rule 3: Definitions Vessel constrained by draft Vessel constrained by draft means a power driven vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from her present course.

Rule 3: Definitions Underway, Not-underway

Rule 3: Definitions Restricted Visibility

Rule 3: Definitions Restricted Visibility Fog Falling snow Heavy Rainstorms Sand storms Similar circumstances

Rule 3: Definitions WIG Wing-in-ground (WIG) craft: a vessel capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the water’s surface. WIG craft are capable of operating at speeds in excess of 100 knots. This is the latest addition to the NAVRULES. Unless you have the newest version of COLREGS (D or greater) you will not find this vessel defined in your book.

Rule 4: Application Defines the application of rules 5-10 These rules apply in ANY visibility Yep. That’s all rule 4 says.

Rule 5: Look-out Application (Rule 4) - Any condition of visibility Look-out (Rule 5) Maintain Proper Lookout Use all available means Binoculars/Radar Bearing circle/Alidade Must use sight and hearing Night vision devices Also required at anchor

Rule 6: Safe Speed Determinants of Safe Speed State of visibility Traffic density Stopping distance and turning ability Presence of background lighting State of winds, sea, and current Draft of vessel in relation to charted depth Effectiveness of Radar Good rule of thumb: you should be able to stop in half the distance of your visible horizon

Rule 7: Risk of Collision Risk of Collision (Rule 7) Use all available means to determine Early use of RADAR Don’t make assumptions Risk of collision exists when vessels have: CBDR: Constant Bearing, Decreasing Range Very High Bearing Drift Bearing drift is the most important determinant of risk of collision 3 most important pieces of information to an OOD Bearing Drift Target Angle Course/Speed

Rule 8: Action to Avoid Collision Obedience must be timely and substantial. Two variables can be altered to avoid collision: course and speed. Change course to avoid “close-quarters” situations Slacken speed or take all way off to avoid collision Escape Clause: “if the circumstances of the case admit” You are not required to put yourself in a worse condition to avoid collision (e.g.. run aground)

Rule 9: Narrow Channels Narrow Channels (Rule 9) Stay on the “right” side of the channel Sailing vessels and vessels < 20 meters shall not impede vessels restricted to the channel. Fishing vessels shall not impede Crossing vessels shall not impede

Rule 10: Traffic Separation Schemes Traffic Separation Schemes (Rule 10) Use small angle of approach to enter/depart Cross the scheme at right angles You can fish in the lanes as long as you do not impede passage of the other vessels

Rule 10: Traffic Separation Schemes 4. AVOID ANCHORING 1. PROCEED IN APPROPRIATE LANE 3. ENTER @ SMALL ANGLE 2. CROSS AT RIGHT ANGLES

Rule 11: Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another Application rule Rules 12-18 Applies to all vessels in sight of one another Vessels should not pretend they don’t see the other vessel to avoid compliance.

Vessels in Sight of One Another Rule 12: Sailing Vessels Applies to sailing vessels under sail. If the sailing vessel is using an engine, it becomes a power driven vessel

Vessels in Sight of One Another Rule 13: Overtaking Rule 13 requires the overtaking vessel to keep out of the way of the vessel being passed. *a vessel 22.5 abaft the beam is overtaking – all others are crossing situations An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vessel more than 22.5deg abaft the beam. Overtaking is defined as a vessel that is 22.5 degrees abaft the beam. All other vessels are overtaking!

Vessels in Sight of One Another Rule 14: Meeting (Head-on) Situation Two vessels who are on reciprocal (or near reciprocal) courses and are at risk of collision Rule 14 requires both power vessels to maneuver to starboard. An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on reciprocal or near reciprocal courses. This rule does not apply to vessels on (or near) reciprocal courses that are not in danger of colliding. Because of the nature of the situation, there is no giveway vessel. Both are responsible to maneuver

Vessels in Sight of One Another Rule 15: Crossing Situation Rule 15 requires the vessel that has the other on its starboard side to keep clear. An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches At night the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-on vessel. Point out that the corresponding running lights will help you at night. If you see red, it’s your job to stop.

Rule 15 (cont) Crossing Situation Give-way Stand-on

Rule 16: Give-way Vessel Take early and substantial action to stay out of the way of the stand-on vessel

Rule 17: Stand-on Vessel Maintain course and speed Take action if the give-way is not taking substantial action to avoid collision If risk of collision exists and if circumstance admit it, avoid altering course to port.

Rule 18: Responsibilities Between Vessels Vessel being Overtaken Vessel Not under command Restricted in ability to maneuver Vessel Constrained by draft Vessel engaged in Fishing Sailing vessels Power driven vessels Seaplanes WIG Stay out of the way of: Use the pneumonic –O No Real Concern For Salty Pickle Sauced Weenies A WIG craft shall, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation; Note that there is no such thing as a vessel constrained by her draft in INLAND rules

Rule 19: Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility For vessels not in sight of one another Observe a safe speed and have engines ready for immediate maneuvering. Avoid altering course to port when another may exist forward of beam (except in overtaking situation) Avoid altering course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam. For fog signals heard forward of the beam=> reduce speed to minimum steerageway and navigate cautiously.

Rules 20: Application of Lights and Dayshapes Sunset to Sunrise Restricted Visibility DAYSHAPES Sunrise to Sunset

Rules 21-24: Lights and Dayshapes AGENDA: Rule #21 Definitions Rule #22 Visibility of Lights Rule #23 Power Driven Vessels Underway Rule #24 Towing and Pushing Applicable reading: USCG pp. 38-70. The most important thing to remember about the rules of the road is what they don’t do: the rules are not intended to be used to determine blame after a collision has occurred. They are intended to prevent the collisions in the first place. Hence: full name: Regulations for the Avoidance of Collisions at Sea The rules are designed to state who should take action first to avoid a collision. They also establish ways for sailors who speak hundreds of different languages to speak to each other.

Purpose of Lights and Shapes To indicate hierarchy under the steering and sailing rules. To aid in the determination of stand on/give way status. To indicate to an approaching vessel information not readily available by visual observation. To identify the occupation of certain vessels. To aid in the determination of angle on the bow (AOB) and course.

Rule 22: Visibility of Lights Min Ranges TYPE OF LIGHT COLOR ARC 50M+ 12-50M Masthead white 225 6 nm 5 nm Sidelight red/green 112.5 3 nm 2 nm Sternlight white 135 3 nm 2 nm Towing yellow 135 3 nm 2 nm All around various 360 3 nm 2 nm Special Flashing yellow/blue 360 2 nm 2 nm Range Light - refers to the second masthead light placed aft and higher than the forward masthead light (>50 m) Flashing Light - flashes at regular intervals at 120 hz. Found on surfaced sub’s and non-displacement craft in the non-displacement mode.

Rule 21 Definitions 225o 22.5o MASTHEAD LIGHT

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) 112.5o 112.5o 22.5o SIDELIGHTS

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) 22.5o 135o STERNLIGHT

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) 22.5o 135o TOWING LIGHT

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) Masthead Lights 225o coverage Side Lights 112.5o coverage Bow Aspect

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) + 112.5o 112.5o 112.5o 112.5o 135o 360o

Rule 21 Definitions (cont) 360o ALL-ROUND LIGHT

(Color not specified, 120 fpm) Rule 21 Definitions (cont) FLASHING LIGHT (Color not specified, 120 fpm)

SPECIAL FLASHING LIGHT Rule 21 Definitions (cont) INLAND ONLY ! SPECIAL FLASHING LIGHT (Yellow, 50 - 70 fpm)

Rule 23: Power-Driven Vessels Rule 24: Towing and Pushing TOWING ASTERN Vessel < 50 m Tow < 200 m Vessel < 50 m Tow > 200 m Vessel > 50 m Tow < 200 m Vessel > 50 m Tow > 200 m COMPOSITE UNIT PUSHING AHEAD/ALONGSIDE Vessel > 50 m International, Inland Vessel < 50 m International, Inland TOWING and RESTRICTED IN ABILITY TO MANEUVER “LIGHTING THE TOW”

P.D. Vessel less than 50 meters (underway) Rule 23 (cont) P.D. Vessel less than 50 meters (underway) Starboard Port Bow Stern

P.D. Vessel equal or greater Rule 23 (cont) P.D. Vessel equal or greater to 50 meters (underway) Bow Starboard Port Stern

P.D. Vessel less than 12 meters (underway) Rule 23 (cont) P.D. Vessel less than 12 meters (underway)

P.D. Vessel less than 7 meters Rule 23 (cont) P.D. Vessel less than 7 meters (underway) International Only! International Only! International Only! International Only! International Only! International Only! 7 kts Max Speed!

Rule 23 (cont) Great Lakes Exception Masthead Sidelights Stern light Inland Only! Masthead Sidelights Stern light 2nd Masthead All-round white All-round white All-round white All-round white All-round white All-round white All-round white All-round white

Rule 24 Towing and Pushing Types of Towing: Towing astern Towing alongside Pushing ahead Composite Unit

Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern Four combinations: I II III IV Towing vessel <50m <50m >50m >50m Tow <200m >200m <200m >200m

P.D. Vessel (<50m) Towing Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern P.D. Vessel (<50m) Towing TOW < 200m TOW > 200m 2 Mastheads 3 Mastheads Vertical Line Vertical Line Sidelights Sidelights Stern light Stern light Towing light Towing light

P.D. Vessel (>50m) Towing Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern P.D. Vessel (>50m) Towing TOW < 200m TOW > 200m 2 Mastheads 3 Mastheads 2nd Masthead 2nd Masthead Sidelights Sidelights Stern light Stern light Towing light Towing light

Towing vessel < 50m, Tow < 200m Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern Towing vessel < 50m, Tow < 200m Starboard Bow Port Stern

Towing vessel < 50m, Tow > 200m Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern Towing vessel < 50m, Tow > 200m Bow Starboard Port Stern

Towing vessel > 50m, Tow < 200m Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern Towing vessel > 50m, Tow < 200m Port Starboard Bow Stern

Towing vessel > 50m, Tow > 200m Rule 24 (cont) Towing Astern Towing vessel > 50m, Tow > 200m Bow Starboard Port Stern

Rule 24 (cont) Pushing Ahead Composite units: If rigidly connected regard as a power driven vessel

Towing Alongside or Pushing Rule 24 (cont) Towing Alongside or Pushing NOT a Composite Unit INTERNATIONAL Rules 2 Mastheads - vertical line 2nd Masthead - if > 50m Sidelights Stern light Note: NO Towing Light for International Rules!

Towing Alongside or Pushing Rule 24 (cont) Towing Alongside or Pushing NOT a Composite Unit INLAND Rules 2 Mastheads - vertical line 2nd Masthead - if > 50m Sidelights 2 Towing Lights - vertical line

Towing Alongside or Pushing Rule 24 (cont) Towing Alongside or Pushing NOT a Composite Unit Stern INLAND Rules INTERNATIONAL Rules Stern

Vessel Being Towed Astern Rule 24 (cont) Vessel Being Towed Astern Sidelights Sternlight

Vessel Being Pushed Ahead Rule 24 (cont) Vessel Being Pushed Ahead NOT a Composite Unit INTERNATIONAL Rules Sidelights - at forward end

Vessel Being Pushed Ahead Rule 24 (cont) Vessel Being Pushed Ahead NOT a Composite Unit INLAND Rules Sidelights Special Flashing Light

Vessel Being Towed Alongside Rule 24 (cont) Vessel Being Towed Alongside INTERNATIONAL Rules Sidelights Sternlight

Vessel Being Towed Alongside Rule 24 (cont) Vessel Being Towed Alongside INLAND Rules Sidelights Sternlight Special Flashing Light

Displayed on the Tug & the Tow Rule 24 Towing and Pushing Length of Tow exceed 200m Displayed on the Tug & the Tow

Sailing Vessel (Underway) Rule 25 Sailing Vessels Sailing Vessel (Underway) Vessel ³ 20m Vessel < 20m Sidelights Combined Lantern Stern light

Sailing Vessels (cont) Not w/ Combined Lantern Rule 25 Sailing Vessels (cont) Sailing Vessel (Underway) Also may show: Not w/ Combined Lantern

Sailing Vessels (cont) Rule 25 Sailing Vessels (cont) Sailing Vessels: Mastheads

Rule 25 (cont) Sailing Vessels Bow Stern

Sailing Vessel proceeding under sail AND propelled by machinery Rule 25 Sailing Vessel Sailing Vessel proceeding under sail AND propelled by machinery

Rule 26 Fishing Vessels Trawling Fishing other than trawling Includes: Trawling Fishing other than trawling Note: Vessels covered in Rule 26 show ONLY the lights required by Rule 26

Rule 26 (cont) Fishing Vessels Outlying gear > 150m

Fishing Vessels (cont) Rule 26 Fishing Vessels (cont) Underway OR @ Anchor Trawling Vessels: All-round GREEN -over- All-round WHITE 2nd Masthead - if >50m Sidelights & Sternlight - if making way

Fishing Vessels (cont) Rule 26 Fishing Vessels (cont) Trawling vessel > 50m Making Way Stern Bow Port Starboard

Fishing Vessels (cont) Rule 26 Fishing Vessels (cont) Underway OR @ Anchor Fishing Vessels: All-round RED -over- All-round WHITE Sidelights & Sternlight - if making way All-round WHITE - if gear > 150m

Fishing Vessels (cont) Rule 26 Fishing Vessels (cont) Fishing Vessels: Mastheads

Fishing Vessels (cont) Rule 26 Fishing Vessels (cont) Fishing vessel Making Way Stern Port Starboard Bow

Rule 26 Trawling Vessels

Rule 27 Vessels Not Under Command & Restricted in Ability to Maneuver

Vessels Not Under Command Rule 27 (cont) Vessels Not Under Command All-round RED -over- All-round RED Sidelights & Sternlight - if making way

Vessels Not Under Command Rule 27 Vessels Not Under Command

Vessels Not Under Command: Rule 27 (cont) Vessels Not Under Command: Mastheads

Vessel Not Under Command Rule 27 (cont) Vessel Not Under Command Making Way Stern Port Bow Starboard

Vessel Not Under Command Rule 27 (cont) Vessel Not Under Command NOT Making Way Starboard Stern Port Bow

Vessels Restricted in Ability to Maneuver (R.A.M.) Rule 27 (cont) Vessels Restricted in Ability to Maneuver (R.A.M.) All-round RED -over- All-round WHITE -over- All-round RED Masthead light If Making Way 2nd Masthead light - if >50m Sidelights & Sternlight

Rule 27 (cont) Vessels R.A.M. Restricted in Ability to Maneuver

Vessel R.A.M., > 50m, Making Way Rule 27 (cont) Vessel R.A.M., > 50m, Making Way Bow Stern Port Starboard

Special Types of R.A.M. Vessels Rule 27 (cont) Special Types of R.A.M. Vessels Towing Underwater / Diving Ops Dredging Mineclearance Ops

R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Rule 27 (cont) R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Required R.A.M. lights All-round GREEN -over- All-round GREEN On Safe Side All-round RED -over- All-round RED On Obstructed Side

R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Rule 27 (cont) R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Safe Side Danger Side Aspect? Bow

R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Rule 27 (cont) R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Dredging Safe Side Obstructed Side

R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Mineclearance Ops Rule 27 (cont) R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Mineclearance Ops Required Power Driven Vessel lights PLUS: On Mast

R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Mineclearance Ops Rule 27 (cont) R.A.M. Vessel Engaged in Mineclearance Ops

Vessels Constrained by Draft Rule 28 Vessels Constrained by Draft All-round RED -over- All-round RED Required Power Driven Vessel lights International Only!

Vessel Constrained by Draft >50m Rule 28 (cont) Vessel Constrained by Draft >50m Port Bow Stern Starboard

Vessels Constrained by Draft Rule 28 Vessels Constrained by Draft

Rule 29 Pilot Vessels All-round WHITE -over- All-round RED Sidelights & Sternlight - if making way

Rule 29 (cont) Pilot Vessels: Mastheads

Pilot Vessel - Underway Rule 29 (cont) Pilot Vessel - Underway Port Bow Starboard Stern

Rule 30 Anchored Vessels Vessel ³ 50m Vessel < 50m All-round WHITE near bow All-round WHITE where best seen All-round WHITE near stern & lower

Anchored Vessels (cont) Rule 30 Anchored Vessels (cont) Vessel ³ 100m All-round WHITE - near bow All-round WHITE - near stern & lower Available Deck or Working lights

Rule 30 (cont) Anchored Vessel, > 50m Starboard Port

Rule 30 Vessel @ Anchor

Rule 30 (cont) Vessel Aground Required Anchor lights PLUS All-round RED -over- All-round RED

Rule 30 (cont) Aground Vessel, > 50m Port Starboard

Rule 30 (cont) Vessel Aground

Rules 31-37: Sound and Light Signals AGENDA: Rule #32 - Definitions Rule #34 - Maneuvering and Warning Signals Rule #35 - Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility Rule #36 - Signals to Attract Attention Rule #37 - Distress Signals Annex I -V Applicable reading: Nav Rules pp. 114-175

Rule 31 Lights and Shapes: Seaplanes Where it’s impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and shapes of the rules of the road, they shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as possible

Rule 32: Sound and Light Signals International vs. Inland INTERNATIONAL RULES: Sound signals for International Rules are signals of action Signals are sounded upon rudder order Exchanged by a power-driven vessel and another vessel Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” and maneuvering is req’d INLAND RULES: Sound signals for Inland Rules are signals of intent Vessels do not maneuver until signals are agreed upon Exchanged between power-driven vessels only Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” and < ½ nm CPA

Rule 32: Sound and Light Signals Short Blast- about one second duration Long Blast - 4-6 second duration Vessels < 100m in length: whistle and bell Vessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gong Vessels < 12m in length: some type of sound signaling device

Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals - Overtaking An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another vessel more than 22.5o abaft the beam.

Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals- Crossing An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches At night, the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-way vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the stand-on vessel.

Rule 34: Maneuvering and Warning Signals - Meeting An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.

Rule 35: Sound and Light Signals in Restricted Visibility VESSELS UNDERWAY Power-Driven vessel (making way) 1 PROLONG BLAST (2 min) Power-Driven vessel (not making way) 2 PROLONG BLASTS (2 min) Vessel Not Under Command, 1 PROLONG BLAST, 2 SHORT Restricted in ability to maneuver, Sailing vessels, Vessels fishing, Vessels constrained by draft Vessels being towed 1 PROLONG BLAST, 3 SHORT Piloting Vessel 4 SHORT BLASTS

Rule 35: Sound and Light Signals in Restricted Visibility VESSELS NOT UNDERWAY Vessel at anchor, less than 100 m 5 sec BELL (every 1 min) Vessel at anchor, greater than 100 m 5 sec BELL/5 sec GONG (every 1 min) Vessel at anchor 1 SHORT, 1 PROLONGED, 1 SHORT (warns position and threat of collision) Vessel aground, less than 100 m SSS/BELL/SSS (every 1 min) Vessel aground, greater than 100 m SSS/BELL/SSS/GONG (every 1 min) SSS = THREE SHORT STOKES Vessel engaged in fishing at anchor 1 PROLONG, 2 SHORT (every 2 min)

Rule 35: Sound and Light Signals in Restricted Visibility DANGER SIGNAL 5 or more short blasts on the whistle indicates failure to understand intentions or actions OR doubt that sufficient action to avoid collision is being taken

Rule 37: Distress Signals p. 126 in Nav Rules

Quiz Identify the following vessel size, aspect, and condition by it’s light scheme: Vessel is: >50 meters in length Bow aspect Restricted in ability to maneuver, Making way

Quiz 2. Identify the following vessel size, aspect, and condition by it’s light scheme: Vessel is: >50 meters in length Starboard aspect(can tell this two ways) Trawler, making way

Quiz 3. Complete the following chart for lights: Length of vessel Incon. partly submerged Masthead nm 5 nm* 2 nm Side 3 nm Stern Towing All round White nm Special FL1 6 1 2 3 2 3

Quiz 4. The following day shape signifies what? A. A Really bad day Vessel Not Under Command Fishing Vessel with gear extended Vessel Restricted in Ability to Maneuver, dredging

Quiz 5. This Sailboat is being powered by what? Sail Wind Oars Machinery Sail Wind Oars Machinery

Quiz 1. Rule 2 states that vessels may depart from the Rules when: A. it is convenient for both vessels involved B. the maneuvers are entered in the deck log C. it is necessary to avoid immediate danger D. None of the above 1. Rule 2 states that vessels may depart from the Rules when: A. it is convenient for both vessels involved B. the maneuvers are entered in the deck log C. it is necessary to avoid immediate danger D. None of the above

Quiz 2. What is the definition of a Vessel Restricted in her ability to maneuver? Restricted due to the nature of her work

Quiz 3. Under Rule 5 (lookout rule) a lookout is required at all times when underway. A. TRUE B. FALSE 3. Under Rule 5 (lookout rule) a lookout is required at all times when underway. A. TRUE B. FALSE

Quiz 4. Rule 6 (Safe Speed) lists all of the following considerations EXCEPT: A. Traffic density B. Visibility C. Background Lights D. Economical speed of vessel 4. Rule 6 (Safe Speed) lists all of the following considerations EXCEPT: A. Traffic density B. Visibility C. Background Lights D. Economical speed of vessel

Quiz 5. According to Rule 7, a Risk of Collision is deemed to exist in what circumstance? CBDR

Quiz 6. According to Rule 8, what are the requirements for avoiding actions when maneuvering IAW the Rules? Early Substantial Check results