Distribution of Body Solids & Fluids
Fluid Exchange Processes in our body: Filtration Reabsorption Diffusion Osmosis
General barriers that separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and blood plasma: 1.Plasma membrane 2.Blood vessel walls
Fluid Homeostasis Fluid Balance 1.Water 2.Electrolytes
Fluid Homeostasis Regulate by: 1.Hypothalamus 2.Posterior pituitary (ADH) 3.Adrenal cortex 4.Kidney tubules
Sources of Body Water Gain & Loss
Dehydration
Hormonal Regulation of Na + & Cl - Reabsorption
Series of events in water intoxication
Electrolytes sodium (Na + ) potassium (K + ) chloride (Cl - ) calcium (Ca 2+ ) magnesium (Mg 2+ ) bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) phosphate (PO 4 2- ) sulfate (SO 4 2- )
Electrolyte and protein anion concentrations in plasma, interstitial fluid, & intercellular fluid
Electrolytes Hype??? water, sucrose syrup, glucose- fructose syrup, citric acid, natural and artificial flavors, salt, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, ester gum, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, red 40, blue 1 Per 8 fl oz Total fat 0g Sodium 110mg Potassium 30mg Total carbs 14g Sugars 14g Calories 50 water, dextrose, potassium citrate, sodium chloride and sodium citrate. Nonmedicinal ingredients: FD&C Blue #1 and Red #40 (grape flavor) and FD&C Red #40 (bubblegum flavor). Per 8 fl oz Sodium 10.6 mg Potassium 4.7mg Chloride 8.3 mg Dextrose 5.9g Calories 24
Acid-Base Balance Removal of H + 1.Buffer systems 2.Exhalation of carbon dioxide 3.Kidney excretion of H +
Protein Buffering System NH 2 C COOH H R NH 2 C COO - + H + H R NH 2 C COOH + H + H R NH 3 + C COOH H R
CO 2 + H 2 O ↔ H 2 CO 3 ↔ HCO H + ↔ CO H + By-product of respiration carbonic acid bicarbonate carbonate The addition of CO 2 makes blood acidic
Blood too basic: H 2 CO 3 HCO H + pH drops Blood too acidic: HCO H + H 2 CO 3 pH rises Blood ave. pH = 7.4 Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffering System
Phosphate Buffering System too basic: OH - + H 2 PO 4 - H 2 O + HPO 4 2- too acidic: H + + HPO 4 2- H 2 PO 4 -
Exhalation of CO 2
Negative feedback regulation of blood pH by the respiratory system Exhalation of CO 2
Kidney Excretion of H +
Secretion of H + by intercalated cells in the collecting duct