University of Notre Dame Carbon Nanotubes Introduction Applications Growth Techniques Growth MechanismPresented by: Shishir Rai.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
S A N T A C L A R A U N I V E R S I T Y Center for Nanostructures September 25, 2003 Surface Phenomena at Metal-Carbon Nanotube Interfaces Quoc Ngo Dusan.
Advertisements

Forms of Carbon. Diamond Covalent crystals: C, Si, Ge, SiC Strong sp 3  bonds form tetrahedral structure Face Centered Cubic lattice (fcc) –8 C atoms.
An ab-initio Study of the Growth and the Field Emission of CNTs : Nitrogen Effect Hyo-Shin Ahn §, Tae-Young Kim §, Seungwu Han †, Doh-Yeon Kim § and Kwang-Ryeol.
SWNT versus MWNT  The condensates obtained by laser ablation are contaminated with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles. In the case of pure.
Effect of Environmental Gas on the Growth of CNT in Catalystically Pyrolyzing C 2 H 2 Minjae Jung*, Kwang Yong Eun, Y.-J. Baik, K.-R. Lee, J-K. Shin* and.
CNT – Characteristics and Applications
CHAPTER 7 (Chapter 10 in text) Nanotubes, Nanorods and Nanoplates.
6. Carbon nanostructures: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes 1.
Diodes Properties of SWNT Networks Bryan Hicks. Diodes and Transistors An ever increasing number in an ever decreasing area.
1 Synthesis of Carbon nanotubes by Chemical Vapor Deposition Amit Khosla Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Advisor: Prof. Roop. L. Mahajan.
CARBON NANOTUBES MAHESH.
Chemical Vapor Deposition ( CVD). Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) synthesis is achieved by putting a carbon source in the gas phase and using an energy.
Chemical Bonding of Carbon Nanotubes
Technologies for Realizing Carbon Nano-Tube (CNT) Vias Clarissa Cyrilla Prawoto 26 November 2014.
Gaxela N, Manaetja K.P, Mulaudzi S, Senosi R Supervisor: Dr V.L.Katkof.
Carbon Nanotubes and Related; Devices and Applications Andrew Turner 4/25/2015.
Carbon NanoTube(CNT) Process & Application
INAC The NASA Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing Purdue University Circuit Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Performance Estimation in VLSI.
TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTED BY : SHUHAB-U-TARIQ USN : 1SI03EC109
Carbon Nanotubes David McDermott Jake Borrajo
An Intoduction to Carbon Nanotubes
Nanomaterials - carbon fullerenes and nanotubes Lecture 3 郭修伯.
Carbon nanomaterials DCMST June 2 nd, 2011 Gavin Lawes Wayne State University.
Tutorial 8 Derek Wright Wednesday, March 9 th, 2005.
Unit 3 Nanomaterials.
Nanochemistry NAN 601 Dr. Marinella Sandros
The wondrous world of carbon nanotubes Final Presentation IFP 2 February 26, 2003.
Synthesis of CNTs by HiPco and LASER Ablation
Nanotubes In The Name Of Allah excitons in single – walled carbon nanotubes nasim moradi graduate student of atomic and molEcular physics.
Figure 6.1. Diagram explaining the relationship of a SWNT to a graphene sheet. The wrapping vector for an (8,4) nanotube, which is perpendicular to the.
 The way in which nanotubes are formed is not exactly known. The growth mechanism is still a subject of controversy, and more than one mechanism might.
An Introduction to Carbon Nanotubes
Module A-3 Carbon Nanotubes. Space Elevators First elevator: 20 ton capa city (13 ton payload) Constructed with existing or near-term technology.
Carbon Nanotube Intramolecular Junctions. Nanotubes A graphene sheet with a hexagonal lattice…
KVS 2002 Activated Nitrogen Effect in Vertically Aligned CNT Tae-Young Kim, Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Kwang-Yong Eun * Future Technology Research Division, Korea.
 For many hundreds of years, diamond and graphite (Figure 1) were the only known crystalline allotropic forms of carbon. The discovery in the 1980’s.
Background about Carbon Nanotubes CAR Seminar 5 November 2010 Meg Noah.
Metallic and Ionic Nanoparticles
PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
MANUFACTURERS OF SINGLE WALLED NANO TUBES SINCE 1998.
EE235 Presentation I CNT Force Sensor Ting-Ta YEN Feb Y. Takei, K. Matsumoto, I. Shimoyama “Force Sensor Using Carbon Nanotubes Directly Synthesized.
CNTs David Shaw EE. Proposed System: Overview First elevator: 20 ton capacity (13 ton payload) Constructed with existing or near-term technology.
Carbon nanotube is a magic material. The unique structure brings it amazing characteristics. Lots of people believe that the usage of carbon nanotube will.
ASST. PROF. DR. PURIT THANAKIJKASEM PRESENT TO BY PAPOB LERTAPANON JITTAPORN SONGPRAKOB
Lab Information Prepare photoresist – groups of 3 to 4 people
S. E. Thompson EEL What is a Carbon Nanotube? Start with Carbon Graphite C 60 Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes.
1 The more awaited revolution.  Electronics without silicon is unbelievable, but it will come true with evolution of diamond or carbon chip.  Silicon.
Peng He, Donglu Shi, Wim J. van Ooij
Cross-section of a bundle of single walled nanotubes Thess et al Nature.
Carbon Nanotube Growth Enhanced by Nitrogen Incorporation Tae-Young Kim a), Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Kwang Yong Eun and Kyu-Hwan Oh a) Future Technology Research.
CARBON NANOTUBES By ANIKET KANSE
Special Focus: Carbon Nanostructures
The International Conference of Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films ICMCTF 2003 Tae-Young Kim a)b), Kwang-Ryeol Lee a), Seung-Cheol Lee a), Kwang Yong.
Nanotechnology Ninad Mehendale.
Carbon Nanotubes.
I. Introduction  Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), composed of carbon and graphite sheets, are tubular shaped with the appearance of hexagonal mesh with carbon.
Carbon Nanotubes and Its Devices and Applications
Carbon Allotropes Fullerenes Carbon nanotubes Graphene Diamond.
Carbon Allotropes And Its Nanostructures
Nanotechnology Lecture 3 Carbon Nanotubes
P.1 Book E2 Section 3.1 Introduction to nanotechnology Colour of gold in nano scale Nano scale Check-point 1 Nano materials What is so special about nano.
Carbon nanotubes John, Sarah, Doug.
CARBON NANO TUBES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
DIAMOND CHIP PRESENTED BY : A.RAKESH KIRAN
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
Carbon Based Nanomaterials &
Graphite, Graphene (= single sheet) 2D
CARBON NANOTUBE Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s
Presentation transcript:

University of Notre Dame Carbon Nanotubes Introduction Applications Growth Techniques Growth MechanismPresented by: Shishir Rai

University of Notre Dame What is a Carbon Nanotube? CNT is a tubular form of carbon with diameter as small as 1nm. Length: few nm to microns. CNT is configurationally equivalent to a two dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tube. A CNT is characterized by its Chiral Vector: C h = n â 1 + m â 2,   Chiral Angle with respect to the zigzag axis.

University of Notre Dame Armchair (n,m) = (5,5)  = 30  Zig Zag (n,m) = (9,0)  = 0  Chiral (n,m) = (10,5) 0  <  < 30 

University of Notre Dame Why do Carbon Nanotubes form? Carbon Graphite (Ambient conditions) sp 2 hybridization: planar Diamond (High temperature and pressure) sp 3 hybridization: cubic Nanotube/Fullerene (certain growth conditions) sp 2 + sp 3 character: cylindrical Finite size of graphene layer has dangling bonds. These dangling bonds correspond to high energy states. Eliminates dangling bonds Nanotube formation + Total Energy Increases Strain Energy decreases

University of Notre Dame Types of CNTs Single Wall CNT (SWCNT) Multiple Wall CNT (MWCNT) Can be metallic or semiconducting depending on their geometry.

University of Notre Dame

CNT Properties

University of Notre Dame CNT Properties (cont.)

University of Notre Dame CNT: Implications for electronics Carrier transport is 1-D. All chemical bonds are satisfied  CNT Electronics not bound to use SiO 2 as an insulator. High mechanical and thermal stability and resistance to electromigration  Current densities upto 10 9 A/cm 2 can be sustained. Diameter controlled by chemistry, not fabrication. Both active devices and interconnects can be made from semiconducting and metallic nanotubes.

University of Notre Dame Nanotube Growth Methods a) Arc Discharge b) Laser Abalation Involve condensation of C-atoms generated from evaporation of solid carbon sources. Temperature ~ K, close to melting point of graphite. Both produce high-quality SWNTs and MWNTs. MWNT: 10’s of  m long, very straight & have 5-30nm diameter. SWNT: needs metal catalyst (Ni,Co etc.). Produced in form of ropes consisting of 10’s of individual nanotubes close packed in hexagonal crystals.

University of Notre Dame Nanotubes Growth Methods c) Chemical Vapor Deposition: Hydrocarbon + Fe/Co/Ni catalyst °C CNT Steps: Dissociation of hydrocarbon. Dissolution and saturation of C atoms in metal nanoparticle. Precipitation of Carbon. Choice of catalyst material? Base Growth Mode or Tip Growth Mode? Metal support interactions

University of Notre Dame Controlled Growth by CVD Methane + Porous Si + Fe pattern CVD Aligned MWNTs a)SEM image of aligned nanotubes. a)SEM image of side view of towers. Self-alignment due to Van der Walls interaction. a)High magnification SEM image showing aligned nanotubes. d)Growth Process: Base growth mode.

University of Notre Dame Growth Mechanisms Electronic and Mechanical Properties are closely related to the atomic structure of the tube. Essential to understand what controls the size, number of shells, helicity & structure during synthesis. Mechanism should account for the experimental facts: metal catalyst necessary for SWNT growth, size dependent on the composition of catalyst, growth temperature etc. MWNT Growth Mechanism: - Open or close ended? - Lip Lip Interaction Models SWNT Growth Mechanism: - Catalytic Growth Mechanism

University of Notre Dame Open-Ended Growth of Multi Walled Nanotube Role of Hexagons, Pentagons & Heptagons

University of Notre Dame MWNT: The possibilities

University of Notre Dame MWNT: Lip-Lip Interaction Model H-atoms Low Coordinated C atoms High Coordinated C atoms

University of Notre Dame SWNT Growth Mechanism Is uncatalyzed growth possible? Simulations & Observations  No! Spontaneous closure at experimental temperatures of 2000K to 3000K. Closure reduces reactivity.

University of Notre Dame Catalytic SWNT Growth Mechanism Transition metal surface decorated fullerene nucleates SWNT growth around periphery. Catalyst atom chemisorbed onto the open edge. Catalyst keeps the tube open by scooting around the open edge, ensuring and pentagons and heptagons do not form.

University of Notre Dame Conclusion Their phenomenal mechanical properties, and unique electronic properties make them both interesting as well as potentially useful in future technologies. Significant improvement over current state of electronics can be achieved if controllable growth is achieved. Growth conditions play a significant role in deciding the electronic and mechanical properties of CNTs. Growth Mechanisms yet to be fully established.

University of Notre Dame References Topics in Applied Physics Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, Ph. Avouris Carbon Nanotube Electronics PHAEDON AVOURIS, MEMBER, IEEE, JOERG APPENZELLER, RICHARD MARTEL, AND SHALOM J. WIND, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 91, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2003 Carbon Nanotubes: Single molecule wires Sarah Burke, Sean Collins, David Montiel, Mikhail Sergeev Carbon Nanotubes: Introduction to Nanotechnology 2003, Mads Brandbyge.