1 Obedience zObedience ycompliance of person is due to perceived authority of asker yrequest is perceived as a command zMilgram interested in unquestioning.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Obedience zObedience ycompliance of person is due to perceived authority of asker yrequest is perceived as a command zMilgram interested in unquestioning obedience to orders

2 Stanley Milgram’s Studies zBasic study procedure yteacher and learner (learner always confederate) ywatch learner being strapped into chair -- learner expresses concern over his “heart condition ”

3 Stanley Milgram’s Studies zTeacher to another room with experimenter zShock generator panel – 15 to 450 volts, labels “slight shock” to “XXX” zAsked to give higher shocks for every mistake learner makes

4 Stanley Milgram’s Studies Shock Level Switch Labels and Voltage Levels Shock Level Switch Labels and Voltage Levels “Slight Shock” “Moderate Shock” “Strong Shock” “Very Strong Shock” “Intense Shock” “Extreme Intensity Shock” “Danger: Severe Shock” “XXX”

5 Stanley Milgram’s Studies zLearner protests more and more as shock increases zExperimenter continues to request obedience even if teacher balks “Ugh! Hey this really hurts.” “Ugh! Experimenter! That’s all. get me out of here. I told you I had heart trouble. My heart’s starting to bother me now.” (agonized scream) “I absolutely refuse to answer any more. get me out of here You can’t hold me here. Get me out.” “(intense & prolonged agonized scream) “Let me out of here. Let me out of here. My heart’s bothering me. Let me out, I tell you…”

6 Obedience zHow many people would go to the highest shock level? z65% of the subjects went to the end, even those that protested

7 Obedience Slight (15-60) Moderate (75-120) Strong ( ) Very strong ( ) Intense ( ) Extreme intensity ( ) Danger: severe ( ) XXX ( ) Shock levels in works Percentage of subjects who obeyed experimenter

8 Explanations for Milgram’s Results zAbnormal group of subjects? ynumerous replications with variety of groups shows no support zPeople in general are sadistic? yvideotapes of Milgram’s subjects show extreme distress

9 Explanations for Milgram’s Results zAuthority of Yale and value of science zExperimenter self-assurance and acceptance of responsibility zProximity of learner and experimenter zNew situation and no model of how to behave

10 Percentage of subjects administering the maximum shock (450 volts) Follow-Up Studies to Milgram zOriginal study zDifferent building zTeacher with learner zPut hand on shock zOrders by phone zOrdinary man orders z2 teachers rebel zTeacher chooses shock level

11 Critiques of Milgram zAlthough 84% later said they were glad to have participated and fewer than 2% said they were sorry, there are still ethical issues zDo these experiments really help us understand real-world atrocities?