Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions “National cultures in four dimensions: A research theory of cultural differences among nations.” International Studies of.

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Presentation transcript:

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions “National cultures in four dimensions: A research theory of cultural differences among nations.” International Studies of Management and Organization. Vol. 13, Spring-summer 1983, p. 52

Power distance (PDI) LowestUSAHighest Austria = 1140Malaysia = 104 Israel = 15Guatemala = 95 The degree of inequalities of power and wealth in a given society (high score = high power distance)

Uncertainty Avoidance LowestUSAHighest Singapore = 846Greece = 112 Jamaica = 13Portugal = 104 How societies deal with uncertainty about the future and the Unknown (high score = more structuring)

Individualism - collectivism LowestUSAHighest Guatemala = 691Great Britain = 89 Finland = 8Australia = 90 An individual’s relationships to others in the group; nature of social bonds (high score = more individualistic)

Masculinity - Femininity (Career success – quality of life) LowestUSAHighest Sweden = 562Japan = 95 Norway = 8Austria = 79 Extent to which a society values stereotypically competitive, performance-oriented masculine traits to nurturing, relationships feminine traits (High score = masculine)