1 EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU BY.

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Presentation transcript:

1 EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU BY

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20072 Outline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20073 Outiline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20074 The climate system and interaction Mark Weber, 2004 Glossary: Luft=air, Eis=ice, Wechselwirkung=interaction, Kreisläufe=cycles, kurzwellig=shortwave, langwellig=long wave, Schnee=snow, Weltraum=space,Strömung=current, Seen=lakes, Flüsse=rivers, Niederschlag=precipitation, Zuläufe=streams, Wolken=clouds

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20075 Outline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20076 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect +VE Forcing, warming of the earth by WMGHG conc. -VE Forcing, ozone depletion in stratosphere, cooling of earth. Primary forcing mechanism affecting stratospheric climate change WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20077 The Roles of Trace Gases in the Stratosphere Willams Brunne, 1991

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20078 Sources,Reservior, and Reactive Species for the Chemical Species Willams Brunne, 1991

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/20079 Outiline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Stratospheric Ozone Production WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ CHAPMAN CYCLE

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ OZONE DESTRUCTION CYCLE WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Principal Steps in the Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Polar Ozone Depletion Hofmann et al. 1994

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Outline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Effect of Volcanism WMO, 2006  Large volcanic eruptions decreases solar transmission to Earth’s surface.  Increase in ozone depletion by the emitted particles.

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Outline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Global Ozone: Recovery Stages WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Outline  Introduction  Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect  Ozone Production and Loss Processes  Effect of Volcanic Eruption  Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery  Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/ Conclusions/Summary  CFCs account for large ozone destruction because they have longer lifetime  Human activites contribute to indirect radiative forcing effect  Volcanic eruptions is a natural process that enhance Ozone depletion but cannot be predicted.  Montreal Protocol may lead to a complete ozone recovery by the year 2100

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