Stephen E. Lucas C H A P T E R McGraw-Hill© 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Methods of Persuasion 16.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
16 Methods of Persuasion Slide No. Title Title Slide
Advertisements

17 C h a p t e r Methods of Persuasion.
Faulty Reasoning.
Appeals to Emotion, Reason and Logic Common Logical Fallacies.
Standardizing Arguments Premise 1: New Mexico offers many outdoor activities. Premise 2: New Mexico has rich history of Native Americans and of Spanish.
The Persuasive Process
Make them believe!!.  The process of creating, reinforcing or changing of people’s beliefs or actions.
Aristotle’s Methods of Rhetoric: Ethos Barry 2010.
Using Persuasive Technique and Avoiding Fallacy Mrs. Gatz English 9.
Preparing to Persuade: Reasoning and Logic. Aristotle’s “Proofs” “logos” to describe logical evidence “ethos” to describe speaker credibility “pathos”
Speaking to Persuade Persuasion Defined Motivating Your Audience
Chapter Seventeen: Persuasive Speaking. Ch17: Persuasive Speaking Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 2.
The Art of Persuasion * * * * * How to write persuasive essays * * * * *
Persuasive Speaking Chapter 14.
Persuasion Techniques: Win friends and arguments with PUBLIC SPEAKING.
How We’re Persuaded ETHOS = LOGOS = PATHOS =
Oral Communications Analysis and Evaluation. California Content Standards Analysis and Evaluation of Oral and Media Communications 1.13 Analyze the four.
PERSUASIONANDARGUMENT Chapter 15 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following.
Persuasion Principles of Speech Chapter What is Persuasion? How have you been persuaded today? Used in all aspects of life Both verbal and non-verbal.
Persuasive Speaking 1 Dr. Joan Aitken. Persuasive Speaking2 Persuasion The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.
Logical Fallacies. Syllogism (not a fallacy) A logical argument presented in terms of two statements and a conclusion which must be true if the two statements.
Chapter 16 Methods of Persuasion   -Web survey –
Credibility and Reasoning. Describing Credibility Credibility is the audience’s attitude toward or perception of the speaker. Components of Credibility.
1 Persuasion & Reasoning Chapter Logos The logical arrangement of evidence in a speech The logical arrangement of evidence in a speech.
PERSUASION. “Everybody Hates Chris”
McGraw-Hill©Stephen E. Lucas 2001 All rights reserved. CHAPTER SIXTEEN Methods of Persuasion.
PERSUASION.
Argumentative Appeals/ Methods of Persuasion Speech Unit English 10A.
Introduction to Public Speaking Chapters 15 and 16.
Methods of persuasion Chapter 17 Recap.
Logic Fallacies Debate Class Production Spain Park High School
Logical Fallacies Guided Notes
{ Methods of Persuasion Speech class.  The audience perceives the speaker as having high credibility  The audience is won over by the speaker’s evidence.
Logical Fallacy-false or erroneous statement or an invalid or deceptive line of reasoning- these harm quality of speeches.
Look for these in the arguments of others and avoid them in your own arguments.
Look for these in the arguments of others and avoid them in your own arguments.
Understanding Persuasive Messages © Stockbyte / SuperStock.
PERSUASION. Credibility: - Audience’s perception of how believable the speaker is - Factors of credibility: Competence- how the audience regards the intelligence,
 Writers DO certain things to convince us.  What convinces you to do something or changes your mind?
Chapter 14 Methods of Persuasion. I. interest in methods of persuasion A. studies in strategies and tactics of persuasion for thousands of years B. why.
Rhetorical Proofs and Fallacies Week 10 – Wednesday, October 28.
Rhetorical Appeals How are people persuaded?. Aristotle Student of Plato Became a teacher of Alexander the Great Worked with philosophy, politics, ethics,
Write down 3 sentences 2 sentences should be truths about yourself. 1 sentence should be a lie about yourself. For example: I was raised in Houston. I.
Chapter 24: Persuasive Speaking
Persuasive Speeches To persuade is to advocate, to ask others to accept your views. A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking.
METHODS OF PERSUASION Chapter 16. Credibility Ethos – the word that Aristotle used to describe what we now think of as a speaker’s credibility Credibility.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill Education ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 12th Edition © 2015 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. The Art of Public Speaking Chapter 17.
Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Delivery Visual Aids Persuasive Speaking
Chapter 16 Recap/Lecture
Persuasive Communication
8/8/17 Please get out your notebook.
Chapter 17 Methods of Persuasion.
Developing your arguments
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 24
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 24
Unit 15: Using Persuasive Strategies (Chapter 17)
Chapter 17 Methods of persuasion.
Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Delivery Visual Aids Persuasive Speaking
Chapter 16 and 17 Review December 8, 2008.
University of Northern IA
University of Northern IA
Logical Fallacy Study Guide
Fallacies of Reasoning
UNDERSTANDING THE ELEMENTS OF PERSUASION
Methods of Persuasion English 10.
Chapter 17: Persuasive Speeches
Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Delivery Visual Aids Persuasive Speaking
Methods of Persuasion Chapter 17.
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 24
Presentation transcript:

Stephen E. Lucas C H A P T E R McGraw-Hill© 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Methods of Persuasion 16

Slide 2 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Methods of Persuasion Building credibility Using evidence Reasoning Appealing to emotions

Slide 3 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Credibility The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

Slide 4 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Ethos The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.

Slide 5 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Factors of Credibility Competence Character

Slide 6 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Competence How an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.

Slide 7 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Character How an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

Slide 8 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Types of Credibility Initial Derived Terminal

Slide 9 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Tips for Enhancing Credibility Explain your competence Establish common ground with your audience Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction

Slide 10 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Establishing Credibility

Slide 11 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Logos The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning.

Slide 12 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Evidence Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

Slide 13 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Tips for Using Evidence Use specific evidence Use novel evidence Use evidence from credible sources Make clear the point of your evidence

Slide 14 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Using Evidence

Slide 15 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Reasoning The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

Slide 16 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Four Types of Reasoning Reasoning from specific instances Reasoning from principle Causal reasoning Analogical reasoning

Slide 17 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Reasoning from Specific Instances Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.

Slide 18 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Guidelines for Reasoning from Specific Instances Avoid hasty generalizations If your evidence does not justify a sweeping conclusion, qualify your argument Reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony

Slide 19 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Reasoning from Principle Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

Slide 20 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Guidelines for Reasoning from Principle Make sure listeners will accept your general principle Provide evidence to support your minor premise

Slide 21 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Causal Reasoning Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.

Slide 22 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Guidelines for Causal Reasoning Avoid the fallacy of false cause Do not assume that events have only a single cause

Slide 23 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Analogical Reasoning Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.

Slide 24 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Guidelines for Analogical Reasoning Above all, make sure the two cases being compared are essentially alike

Slide 25 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Fallacy An error in reasoning.

Slide 26 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Fallacies Hasty generalization False cause Invalid analogy Red herring

Slide 27 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Fallacies Ad hominem Either-or Bandwagon Slippery slope

Slide 28 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Hasty Generalization A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.

Slide 29 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. False Cause A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second.

Slide 30 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Invalid Analogy An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike.

Slide 31 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Red Herring A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

Slide 32 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Red Herring “Why should we worry about the amount of violence on television when thousands of people are killed in automobile accidents each year?”

Slide 33 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Ad Hominem A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Slide 34 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Ad Hominem “The governor has a number of interesting economic proposals, but let’s not forget that she comes from a very wealthy family.”

Slide 35 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Either-Or A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

Slide 36 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Either-Or “The government must either raise taxes or reduce services for the poor.”

Slide 37 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Bandwagon A fallacy that assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

Slide 38 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Bandwagon “The President must be correct in his approach to domestic policy; after all, polls show that 60 percent of the people support him.”

Slide 39 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Slippery Slope A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

Slide 40 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Slippery Slope “Passing federal laws to control the amount of violence on television is the first step in a process that will result in absolute government control of the media and total censorship over all forms of artistic expression.”

Slide 41 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Emotional Appeals Appeals that are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.

Slide 42 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Pathos The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.

Slide 43 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Tips for Generating Emotional Appeal Use emotional language Develop vivid examples Speak with sincerity and conviction

Slide 44 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Using Emotional Appeal Ethically Make sure emotional appeal is appropriate to the speech topic Do not substitute emotional appeal for evidence and reasoning

Slide 45 McGraw-Hill © 2004 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Using Emotional Appeal