Chemical Genetics – Biol503

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Genetics – Biol503 Lecture 1 Introduction to Chemical Genomics

Introduction: definitions Genomics is a new field of science that analyzes, compares the complete genome sequences of organisms and study functions of encoded genes. The word genome was from the conjunction between GENe and ChromosOME Genetics: study of heredity

History of Genomics Foundation of genomics DNA structure elucidation (Watson & Crick) Invention of DNA sequencing (Maxam and Sanger) Automated DNA sequencers (Leroy Hood) Haemophilus influenzae sequenced in 1995 Mycoplasma genitalium sequenced in 1995 Methanococcus jannaschii sequenced in 1996 S. cerevisiae genome completed in 1996 E. coli genome completed in 1997 Bacillus subtilis genome completed in 1997 Human draft genome completed in 2001

Chemical Genomics and HTS Chemical Genomics: Study of structure and function of genes, cells and organisms using small molecular probes Chemical genomics aims to systematically explore the interactions between small molecules and biological systems. HTS: high throughput screening is the primary tool for chemical genomics research

Introduction: definitions

Foundation of Chemical Genomics Genomics advances Advances in robotics Increasing exploration of chemical diversity Software development

Advantages of HTS

Assay categories & methods

NIH Chemical Genomics Center The mission of the NCGC is to apply the tools of small molecule screening and discovery to the development of chemical probe research tools, for use in the study of protein and cell functions, and biological processes relevant to physiology and disease.

Approaches NCGC will optimize biochemical, cellular and model organism-based assays submitted by the biomedical research community; perform automated high-throughput screening (HTS); and Perform chemistry optimization on confirmed hits to produce chemical probes for dissemination to the research community. State-of-the-art cheminformatics methods will be applied to the discovery and characterization of the chemical probes. Pharmacological, transcript/proteome profiling and genetic approaches will be taken to understand the activities of small molecule probes in biological systems