December 1, 2005 ELEC Project Presentation 1 Dual-Voltage Supply for Power Reduction ELEC 6970 – Low Power Design Project Presentation by Muthubalaji Ramkumar
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation2 Problem Statement To Use a dual-supply voltage in order to reduce the power consumption of the 32 x 32 bit integer array multiplier circuit without compromising the overall delay To Use a dual-supply voltage in order to reduce the power consumption of the 32 x 32 bit integer array multiplier circuit without compromising the overall delay
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation3 Power and Delay Power → Power → V DD 2 Delay → Delay → KV DD ─────── (V DD – V t ) α
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation4 Approach Low Voltage Assignment to as many cells as possible The interconnections in this multiplier circuit makes it difficult Therefore assign Low Voltage Supply to as many gates as possible
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation5 Things to watch Reducing the Voltage Supply will increase the delay of a gate Therefore assign Low-Voltage Supply only to the gates which do not have any influence on the Critical Path Delay directly or indirectly Low voltage gate should have adequate voltage swing in order to drive a High Voltage gate its feeding in to.
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation6 4 x 4 Multiplier
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation7 Multiplier Cell
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation8 Low-Voltage Supply Assignment Output Cells along the edge N-1G4 First Row 3(N-1)G1,G2,G3 Second Row to Last Row N(N-1)G1 Left Column 2(N-1)G2,G3
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation9 Total Number of gates = 6N 2 Number of gates with Low Voltage assignment = (N-1)(N+6) assignment = (N-1)(N+6) Percentage of the circuit with Reduced V DD =(N-1)(N+6) / 6N 2
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation10 Percentage of the Circuit with Reduced Voltage Supply
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation11 Experimental Results for a Cell Voltage (Volts) P dyn (Microwatts) P static (Picowatts) Delay(Sec) p p p n
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation12 Experimental Results for a 4 x 4 Multiplier Voltage (Volts) P dyn (Microwatts) P static (Nanowatts) Delay(Sec) n n n n
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation13 A Single Inverter Voltage (Volts) P dyn (Microwatts) P static (Picowatts) Delay(Sec) p p p p
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation14 4 x 4 bit array Multiplier N=4 Total Number of Gates = 6N 2 = 6(16) = 96 Number of Gates with Low V DD = (N-1)(N+6) = (3)(10) = 30 = % = (3)(10) = 30 = % Number of Gates with Normal V DD = 96 – 30 = 66 = 68.75% 96 – 30 = 66 = 68.75%
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation15 Power Estimation Using Dual-Voltages, 1.8V & 1.5V Power Consumption = (0.3125)(132.1uW) + (0.6875)(213uW) = uW 12% Power Reduction
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation16 Power Estimation Using Dual-Voltages, 1.8V & 1.2V Power Consumption = (0.3125)(75.8uW) + (0.6875)(213uW) = uW % Power Reduction
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation17 32 x 32 bit array Multiplier N=32 Total Number of Gates = 6N 2 = 6(1024) = 6144 Number of Gates with Low V DD = (N-1)(N+6) = (31)(38) = 1178 = 19.2 % = (31)(38) = 1178 = 19.2 % Number of Gates with Normal V DD = 6144 – 1178 = 4966 = 80.8% 6144 – 1178 = 4966 = 80.8%
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation18 Power Estimation Using Dual-Voltages, 1.8V & 1.5V Power Consumption = (0.192)(8.45mW) + (0.808)(13.63mW) = mW 7.3% Power Reduction
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation19 Power Estimation Using Dual-Voltages, 1.8V & 1.2V Power Consumption = (0.192)(4.85mW) + (0.808)(13.63mW) = 11.9 mW 12.4% Power Reduction
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation20 Conclusion Pros… Reduction in power Delay is not compromised No change in Area Dual-power supply is easy to generate using potential dividers Cons… The percentage of the circuit that can be fed with Low Voltage supply is less Requires careful assignment of Low Voltage Supply
December 1, 2005ELEC Project Presentation21 Comments Learnt VHDL basics Introduction to very useful EDA tools Get a feel of VLSI Design Appreciation of Low Power Design Time Consuming but worth it