The Promise of Multimedia EDIT-610-T01 Fall 2006 Dr. Mike Uttendorfer

Definitions Multimedia - presentation of material using both words and pictures. Words include written text and spoken words Pictures include static graphics – including illustrations, graphs, photos or maps – and dynamic graphics - including animations and videos (Mayer, 2003)

Definitions Multimedia Learning - learning from words and pictures. Multimedia Presentation – presentation using words and pictures. Multimedia Instructional Presentation – presentation using pictures and words that is intended to foster learning. (Mayer, 2003)

Why Multimedia? People remember 10% of what they read People remember 20% of what they hear People remember 30% of what the see People remember 50% of what they see, hear, and read combined!!

Why Multimedia? “In the process of trying to build connections between words and pictures, learners are able to create a deeper understanding than from words or pictures alone.” (Mayer, 2003, p.5.)

Three Views of Multimedia Messages Delivery Media View Presentation Modes View Sensory Modalities View

Delivery Mode View Focuses on the delivery devices used to present material such as computer screens, speakers, projectors, SmartBoards, video recorders, etc. The emphasis is on the devices used to present information rather than the wy people learn.

Presentation Modes View The presentation of material using two or more modes – such as text, sound and pictures in a single presentation. This focuses on the way the material is presented.

Sensory Modalities View Multimedia that involves 2 or more sensory systems Focuses on the sensory receptor the learner uses to precise the incoming material such as eyes and ears

Two Views of Multimedia Design Technology-Centered Approaches Learner-centered Approaches

Technology-Centered Approaches Focuses on cutting-edge advances in multimedia technology and designs multimedia materials based on what the technology can do. Technology- centered approaches generally fail to lead to lasting improvements in education. (Cuban, 1986).

Learner-Center Approaches Multimedia is viewed as an aid to human cognition. These approaches begin with an understanding of how people learn and asks “how can we adapt multimedia to improve learning?”

Two Metaphors of Multimedia Learning Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction

Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition Assumptions: Learning is based on information The learner’s job is to receive information The teacher’s job is to present information

Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction Assumptions: Knowledge is personally constructed by the learner and not “delivered” The learner’s job is to mke sense of the presented material The teacher’s job is to help the learner in the sense-making process

Two Goals of Multimedia Learning Remembering Ability to reproduce or recognize presented material (recall) Understanding Ability to use presented material in new ways (application transfer)

Three Kinds of Multimedia Learning Outcomes No Learning No knowledge, poor retention, poor transfer Rote Learning Fragmented knowledge, good retention, poor transfer Meaningful Learning Integrated knowledge, good retention, good transfer

Two Kinds of Active Learning Behavioral Activity Cognitive Activity Meaningful learning depends on the learner’s cognitive activity during learning rather than on the learner’s behavioral activity during learning.