Clearly state goals and open questions. Questions Which exp. should we perform in order to know how far (how to measure this distance?) we are from eqil.(randomized) to within the stated constraints: how far are specific obs. from which equil? What are the most relevant degrees of freedom involved in transport theory? How do they help us reach different (chemical v. kinetic v isospin) equil? What are the finite size and Coulomb effects, how can they be studied and sufficiently well understood to accomplish our goals? Goals How is a phase transition defined and observed in a finite nuclear system. Relate measurements to the properties of nuclear matter: EOS, phase diagram, mean field and in medium effects; astrophysical implications. Understand the nuclear reaction dynamics: infer the nuclear matter transport properties. Understand fragment formation mechanisms and relations to phase transition.

N/Z as an observable N/Z of fragments, particles and residues  observables –distributions: energy, angular, time, p T pre-equilibrium emission –Correlations of all flavors, alignment Neutron fragment correlations –ratios  + /  -, K + /K o –Isoscaling –imbalance factor –Measure neutrons! (in coincidence w/ charged particles) –differential flows (n/p, light isobars) –Elastic scattering of n and p (energy dependence etc)  optical potl Radioactive beams on p, d targets Breakup channel Extracted quantities  concepts –Timescales Equilibration (various), fragmentation –N/Z equilibration (diffusion) –Distance to attractor line –Level densities –Backtrace to Primary fragments –Effective masses –inhomogeneous distribution of N/Z (distillation / fractionation) –Disentangling thermal vs radial flow Dynamics and Thermodynamics (physical picture) –Effective masses, EOS, symmetry energy, surface properties, finite systems, order / disorder –Changes as a function of n/z of entrance channel (limiting temp)

Physics with beams up to 10 MeV/nuc (SPIRAL II, RIA-reacel ) –Neutron and proton drift in DIC (V 2, LGM) –Level densities Effective masses, pairing, shells… Physics with beams ~ MeV/nuc (TAMU) –“fragments” N/Z axis of phase diagram (ex critical temp) Coulomb effects (limiting temp…) –“symmetry energy” –“distillation / fractionation” Physics with beams ~ 100 MeV/nuc (RIA frag) –“flow” Isospin transport and EOS (compressibility) –stopping Physics with beams ~1Gev/nuc (GSI) –Pion, Kaon production and flow –fragmentation