A Happiness Index and Determinants of Happiness Study Prof Lok Sang Ho Centre for Public Policy Studies Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences Lingnan University
1. How Happy Are Hong Kong People Question: Overall, How happy are you? 0 indicates very unhappy 100 indicates very happy
Results
Primary Education or below Secondary Education Post-secondary Education Total or above Total Happiness Index by Education and Age Groups
Question: Are you happier over the last 10 years? 100 (Happiness Decreased a lot) (No change) (Increased a lot)
Determinants of Happiness Independent Variables Coefficient Significant level Young Age Old age * Female Poor Health *** Poor Health X Spiritual Practice ** Good Health *** Spiritual Practice (Yes) *** Married *** Primary Education Tertiary Education ** No Income Low Income High Income Dependent Variable: Happiness Index * = 10% Sig. ** =5% Sig. and *** = 1% Sig.
3. Determinants of Happiness Independent Variables Coefficient Significant level Importance of Money Importance of Financial Stability Importance of Marriage *** Importance of Having Children *** Importance of Harmonious Family Relations *** Importance of Friends ** Spiritual Practice (Yes) *** Dependent Variable: Happiness Index * = 10% Sig. ** =5% Sig. and *** = 1% Sig.
4. Evaluation of Government Provided Services: Health Care Services and Education
Mean: 6.43
Formal Democracy cf. Civic Liberties