Biomechanics of Nerve. Spinal Peripheral Nerves zNerve fibers z Connective tissue zVascular structures.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nervous System Jeopardy.

Advertisements

Tendon and Ligament. Roles of Ligaments and Joint Capsules u Assist in Stabilization of Joint u Restrict Movement u Prevent Excessive Motion.

ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 7 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.

Spinal Nerves. Spinal nerves 31 pairs arise from spinal cord Five groups correspond to regions of spinal cord and vertebrae –Cervical 8 pr. –Thoracic.

N. nerve Node of Ranvier Perikaryon Schwann Cell nerve Axon Hillock Dendrite Axon Terminal Axon Nucleus of Schwann cell Nucleus.

Histo On Your Nerves SSN Histology October 26th, 2004 Missy Walker, So Young Kim,

Biomechanics of Peripheral Nerve and spinal nerve roots.

Nerve Injuries: PNS reaction & EMG findings §William McKinley MD §Associate Professor PM&R §Virginia Commonwealth University.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings C h a p t e r 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE Dr. Ayisha Qureshi Assistant Professor MBBS, Mphil.

Overview Of Nerve Injury And Repair Ramy El Nakeeb, MD.

Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition

What is the spinal cord? The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissue that is enclosed in the spine. These fibers connect nearly.

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue Chapter 13. Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Introduction Nervous system = control center & communications.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE Presents to you by ABOUT DISEASE.CO TEAM.

Nervous System Cells. The Nervous System The Nervous system is responsible for communication Composed of the: Brain Spinal Cord Nerves.

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 7.43 – 7.62 Seventh Edition Elaine.

 Neurons = nerve cells  The major function of nerve cells is to transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body to another. ◦ Major regions.

Organization of the Nervous System and the Neuron.

Peripheral Nervous System Chapter 14 – Lecture Notes

Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, Spinal Reflexes

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of:  The spinal cord Integrates and processes information Can function with the brain Can function independently.

Trauma to the peripheral nervous system. Cross cut of the nerve Scheme: 1,2-epineurium 3-perineurium 4-endoneurium 5-nerve fibers 6-blood vessels.

Protection of the Central Nervous System Slide 7.44a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Scalp and skin  Skull.

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Spinal Cord Anatomy FINAL ROUND Reflexes Nerve Anatomy Upper Body.

The Nervous System.

Nervous Tissue. Neuroglia “Nerve Glue” (Support Cells) Neuroglia - nonconductiong cells that provide protection & support and assist with metabolism.

Chapter 14 – The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Gross Anatomy of Spinal Cord.

The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Together with brain forms the CNS Functions –spinal cord reflexes –integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory)

The Central Nervous System Poudre High School By: Ben Kirk.

Tissues: An Overview. Overview of Tissue Science Tissues are groups of cells and extracellular material that perform a specific group of functions. The.

31 pairs of spinal nerves Nerves consist of:

Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves

PNS Terminology Ganglia – neuron cell bodies & dendrites Nerves – bundles o myelinated axons PNS neuroglia –Satellite cells Enclose neuron cell bodies.

Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Electromyography Tatiana Steinwarz.

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

 Clinical condition where pressure on peripheral nerve produces dysfunction in the nerve.  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (wrist – median nerve)  Cubital Tunnel.

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves. Spinal Cord Enclosed in the vertebral canal, extends from the foramen magnum of the skull to the first or second lumbar.

Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Spinal Cord  Extends from the __________________ to the region of ______  Below.

Responses to injury to nerve Objectives Should be able to describe, I. Types of injuries II. Responses of nerve injury in CNS and PNS End Organs (e.g.

Prof Saleh WaslAllah Alharby

PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue Chapter 13. Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Introduction Nervous system = control center & communications.

NERVOUS SYSTEM-2 Sixth lecture By Dr. Wahda A. M. Kharofa.

Biology 322 Human Anatomy I Peripheral Nervous System.

Spinal Cord and Nerves.  Adult spinal cord is 18 inches long and 14 mm wide  Spinal cord does not continue in length with the vertebrae; stops at L1.

Organization of the Nervous System Exercise 7, 18.

Topic 7 The Nervous System

PEIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES

The Nervous System.

The Nervous System.

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity: Part A

Classificaton of nerve fibers

Chapter 5: An-Najah National University Anatomy and Physiology 1

Nervous System Histology

Histology of Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue.

Peripheral Nerves Notes

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

CHAPTER 21 COMPRESSION NEUROPATHIES

Spinal Cord and Nerves Nervous System.

Introduction to the Nervous System Ms. Cohen

Figure Neuroglia. Capillary Neuron Astrocyte

PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES

Peripheral nerve injuries (part 1)

Traumatic Brain Injuries

ANATOMY – AS YOU ENTER 1) Turn your paper in the tray up front – STAPLE YOUR RUBRIC TO THE BACK OF YOUR PAPER 2) Paper is accepted for a -5 penalty until.

Presentation transcript:

Biomechanics of Nerve

Spinal Peripheral Nerves zNerve fibers z Connective tissue zVascular structures

Mechanical Properties z Resist - compression - tension

Characteristics z Small sensory fibers – pain etc. z Large motor fibers

Intraneural Connective Tissue Endoneurium z surround each fiber - collagen & fibroblasts Perineurium z provides mechanical strength & biomechanical barrier z Epineurium - outermost- protect fascicles, vascular supply

Intraneural Connective Tissue

Spinal Nerve Roots z devoid of: - epineurium - perineurium

Endoneurial Fluid z Interstitial fluid z Trauma   fluid pressure z  circulation  z  conduction

Injuries z Tension 2 0 trauma / child birth z Compression 2 0 to trauma / insidious

Mechanisms vs. Tension Injuries z dependent on perineurium for elasticity z dependent primarily on epineurium

Rabbit Tibial Nerve Elongation Load

Rabbit Tibial Nerve z Initially:low load  significant elongation z Elastic/linear region z disruption of endoneurial tubes & perineurium  rupture

Peripheral Nerves z Maximal elongation at elastic limit – 20% z Complete structural failure at 30% z Injury   stiffness   elasticity

Tensile Injuries to Brachial Plexus

zhigh speed MVA zfall from height zdirect hit to superior shoulder or lateral head (stinger) zchild birth

Nerve Regeneration zNerve rupture before endoneurial tubes & perineurium zpathway for regeneration z1 mm/day

Compression Injuries znumbness, pain, muscle weakness zischemia may be more important than actual compression zduration is important

Mechanisms of Compression Injuries zintermittent or constant low pressure  intraneural edema  fibrotic scar (common in spinal nerves) zproximal compression   axonal transport  distal nerve more susceptible to compression injuries (carpal tunnel)

Mechanisms of Compression Injuries zLarge nerves (motor) affected more zSmall nerves (sensory) spared

Factors influencing damage zDirect vs. indirect zMagnitude zDuration

Regeneration zIntact Schwann Cells zcompletely severed  no guiding structures preserved  no direction of regeneration  loss of sensory and motor function

Regeneration

Effects of Aging Diminished: zVibratory sensation z2 point discrimination zDTRs zNCVs (50-70 m/s in young,  10 m/s in 30-40) z Touch sensation

Effects of Aging z Slightly  pain threshold z  motor function z Functional recovery is less satisfactory