The Greeks. Persians had always tried to over take the Greek city- states. 546 BC, Cyrus took over the Ionians (colonies along Asia minor coast) Ionians.

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Presentation transcript:

The Greeks

Persians had always tried to over take the Greek city- states. 546 BC, Cyrus took over the Ionians (colonies along Asia minor coast) Ionians soon revolted Persians lost control. 499 BC Darius re-took the Ionians The Persians wanted all of Greece to pay.

488 BC, Darius tried to invade by land but failed. Their supply ships were destroyed in a storm at sea. 2 yrs later they landed about 20,000 troops about 25 miles from Athens. (Battle of Marathon) Greeks only had 10,000 troops ready. Greeks did not attack right away. Persians got tired waiting and started to load on to ships.

Greeks attacked while Persians were loading. Terrible loss for the Persians Pheidippides was sent to Athens to deliver a message of victory. Ran about 280 miles in the past four days. Died after he delivered the message NIKE.

Xerxes, ten years later, invaded by land. 200,000 Persians, supplied by ships off shore. Greeks needed time to build more ships. About 7,000 Greeks met the Persians at Thermopylae. 300 Spartans led by King Leonidas The Greeks were betrayed and were surrounded All of the Spartans died but one Gave Greece enough time to prepare ships for battle.

The Greeks lured the Persian fleet into the straits of Salamis. Shallow water made it hard for the Persians to maneuver. Greeks had faster more maneuverable ships. Destroyed almost all of the Persian fleet. Persian army had to retreat No more supplies.

The Athenians were the political power in Greece. For most of the Golden Age they were led by Pericles. He ruled for more than 30 yrs. He is responsible for most of Athens advances and buildings. He wanted Athens to stand for what was best in Greek Civilization.

The threat from Persia was not over Athens persuaded most of the city-states to ally against the Persians. Sparta did not ally. The alliance was known as the Delian League Athens provided most of the army and navy Others city-states supplied the gold to build the ships etc.

Pericles began to dominate other city- states internal affairs. Had to adopt Athenian coinage system. Turned into an Athenian Empire.

Sparta was the main anti-Athenian rival. The war lasted from 431 to 404 BC. Athens could outlast Sparta because they had no navy. Sparta made an agreement with the Persia. Sparta could then build ships and Persia would get the Ionian states back. This was followed by a outbreak of typhus. Killed Pericles Sparta eventually defeated Athens.

Sparta took over role of leader in Greece. Did not do well, very in-flexible. Thebes eventually defeated the Spartans. Thebes was also not a good leader The fighting continued Greece was ready for a new leader (A Macedonian)