SILICATES Agencement atomique. Diamètre des principaux ions (en Angstrom 1 Å = 10 -10 m)

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Presentation transcript:

SILICATES Agencement atomique

Diamètre des principaux ions (en Angstrom 1 Å = m)

Tétraèdre de silice

Ca 2+ ou Na + Al 3+ ou Si 4+ Mg 2+ Al 3+ Fe 2+ ou Fe 3+ 8 sommets nombre de coordination = 8 4 sommets nombre de coordination = 4 6 sommets nombre de coordination = 6

Valence de l'anion 0 2- = -2 Valence électrostatique du cation Si 4+ = charge / nb de coordination = 4 / 4 Charges restant à neutraliser = 4 charges – O- Si 4+ Al 3+ Si Al 3+ se substitue à Si 4+ il restera 5 charges – à neutraliser (soit nécessité d'une charge + supplémentaire) par H+ par poly- mérisation par combi- naison avec des cations

Structure des principaux silicates du globe

? NESOSILICATES Olivine (SiO 4 ) 4- X 2+ NOYAU MANTEAU CROUTE Pyroxènes (SiO 3 ) 2- chaine simple Amphiboles (Si 4 O 11 ) 6- chaine double X 2+ INOSILICATES Feldspaths (Si 3 AlO 8 ) - X + X=K+ ou Na+ (Si 2 Al 2 O 8 ) 2- 2Na + (Si 2 Al 2 O 8 ) 2- Ca 2+ TECTOSILICATES Quartz, calcédoine, opale (SiO 2 ) n PHYLLOSILICATES Micas (TOT), Argiles (OT) (Si 4 O 10 ) 4- + eau comble déficits de charges