CHIKUNGUNYA Lohith Reddy

First outbreak of the disease in the year 1952 in the Makonde plateau, along the border between Tanzania and Mozambique.

Chikungunya is a Makonde word (one of the local languages in Tanzania) meaning ‘that which bends up’. Describes the posture patient assumes to relieve the severe joint pains

The disease was first described Marion Robinson and W.H.R. Lumsden in 1955 An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in ;II. General Description and Epidemiology," in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 49, Number 1, January 1955.

The Indian Scenario First outbreak India 1963 Calcutta Since the first reported case in 1963 there have been sporadic outbreaks in varies parts of India.

Re-emergence of the disease in India especially in the southern states. Outbreak in December 2005 more that 3,80,000 reported cases of Chikungunya in India.

Closer to home State of Karnataka reported 78,000 cases Andhra Pradesh reported 200,000 cases.

The First Culprit Chikungunya Virus, or Buggy Creek Virus Family -Togaviridae Genus - Alpha virus.

enveloped virions spherical, 60 to 70 nm in diameter positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, ca kilobases long.

Lipid-containing envelope has two (rarely three) surface glycoproteins. Mediates attachment, fusion, and penetration.

French researchers on the Indian Ocean island of Reunion say re-emergence was spurred by a mutated form.

Two changes to the structure of E1 Makes the virus more likely to enter mosquito cells and replicate after the insect has fed on the blood of an infected person.

Second culprit Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito), Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito)