Interdisciplinarity: Chemistry ↔ Biology Dr. Fida Mohammad, GIKI- Topi Learning from: ►How chemists think ►What they do & How they do it Attitude until.

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Presentation transcript:

Interdisciplinarity: Chemistry ↔ Biology Dr. Fida Mohammad, GIKI- Topi Learning from: ►How chemists think ►What they do & How they do it Attitude until 1828 Organic compounds made by plants or animals cannot be made by man

Birth of Molecules Dalton’s theory 1808 ► Two or more than two atoms sticking together form molecules & that during chemical reactions atoms remain intact OH + HCl → H 2 O + Cl ☺ Maxwell: Nature, Sept 1873, 13 page article ” Molecule ”

Birth of Organic Chemistry: Woehler synthesis ► He produced urea outside kidney ► He discovered Isomerism-I HCN vs HNC Isomerism ( connectivity )

Van’t Hoff considers third dimension removing isomer paradox (1874 ) Two Isomers No Isomer Cl

Van’t Hoff & Le Bel: Tetrahedral carbon atom also explains optical activity Chirality enters chemistry

Carbon atom insists on 109º angle Chair or Boat form ? Can molecules bend, twist curl, fold coil, turn Puckered rings Conformations Molecular angle is adjusted to relieve strain Zigzag Molecules

Precise measurements of angles and bond lengths What if the angle in water changes to 109º ?

Distribution of atoms in molecules - I

Distribution of charge in molecules - II: Dipole forces Dispersion forces ►Be careful with charge distribution in CO ►Don’t underestimate dispersion forces

Dispersion forces depend on shape also CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 CH 3 -C-CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 -C- CH 3 CH 3

Kevlar ( Hydrogen bonding ) Fiber Axis

Twisting, folding, coiling molecule

Great debate on Macromolecules: formation, size, flexibility, molar mass

: : Ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene ( UHMWPE ) Bullet proof Jackets Dispersion forces

Alternative structure for macromolecules

The restless Molecules Translation Rotation Vibration

Distance between base pairs = 340pm Rotation from base to base = 36º No. of bases per turn = 10 Length of DNA from one chromosome = 5 cm Molar mass= 1000 tons Unraveling the code of life

Understanding genetic make-up and Health Forecasting

Definition of chemistry: transformation of matter but how ?. Cyclobutane Ethylene

Femto-second chemistry ( Intermediates, transition states etc )

Exothermic reaction: where does the energy go ? F + D 2 → DF ( v ) + H + ∆H (147 kJ/mol ) V Rel. Amount Studied for star war

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