Slide 1 Computer Technology: Your Need to Know Chapter 1

Slide 2 Technology and Knowledge Technical knowledge of computer hardware and systems software is required to develop information systems System?

Slide 3 Technology and Knowledge Do not require detailed understanding of how they work to be able to use them. Do not require detailed understanding of how they work to be able to use them. The design of computer systems have become more complex. The design of computer systems have become more complex. Computers have become easier to use. Computers have become easier to use. Used in business and home. Used in business and home.

Slide 4 Technology and Knowledge If computers have become so easy to use, then why do you need to know anything about their inner technology? If computers have become so easy to use, then why do you need to know anything about their inner technology?

Slide 5 Acquiring and Configuring Technological Devices To purchase a computer, you must: Know your hardware and software preferencesKnow your hardware and software preferences Know your hardware and software requirementsKnow your hardware and software requirements Have sufficient knowledge of the available alternativesHave sufficient knowledge of the available alternatives Understand related technical termsUnderstand related technical terms

Slide 6 Acquiring and Configuring Technological Devices The knowledge required to purchase and configure technically complex devices is greater than the knowledge needed to use them

Slide 7 The steps followed by information system personnel to develop an information system are called the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Information System Development

Slide 8 Information System Development

Slide 9 Systems Survey step - Examines user information needs Examines user information needs Examines ways in which the user needs are being addressed (if any) Examines ways in which the user needs are being addressed (if any) Examines the feasibility of developing or acquiring an information system to address those needs Examines the feasibility of developing or acquiring an information system to address those needs Technical knowledge needed to assess if needs currently met and estimate resources needed Technical knowledge needed to assess if needs currently met and estimate resources needed Information System Development

Slide 10 Typical questions asked during the Systems Survey step for a point of sale system : How much time is required to process a sale? Is the existing system easy for a salesperson to use?Is the existing system easy for a salesperson to use? Is sufficient information being gathered for marketing purposes?Is sufficient information being gathered for marketing purposes? Information System Development

Slide 11 Information System Development Typical questions asked during the Systems Survey step for a point of sale system (cont.): Can the existing hardware handle peak sales volumes (for example, holidays)?Can the existing hardware handle peak sales volumes (for example, holidays)? Can the existing system be expanded easily?Can the existing system be expanded easily? What are the current hardware operating costs?What are the current hardware operating costs? Are there cheaper hardware alternatives?Are there cheaper hardware alternatives?

Slide 12 The systems analysis step examines the user needs and the extent to which they are being met. The systems analysis step examines the user needs and the extent to which they are being met. Needs analysis or requirements analysis. Needs analysis or requirements analysis. Information System Development

Slide 13 Systems Analysis Step: Produces a requirements document.Produces a requirements document. Reexamines and answers systems survey questions in more detail.Reexamines and answers systems survey questions in more detail. Typical outcomes: Detailed descriptions of user interfaces and data access speedDetailed descriptions of user interfaces and data access speed Detailed data-processing and storage requirementsDetailed data-processing and storage requirements Information System Development

Slide 14 Systems Design – the configuration of all hardware and software components are determined. Information System Development

Slide 15 Systems Design

Slide 16 The systems implementation step is constructed based on the “blue prints” created during systems design The systems implementation step is constructed based on the “blue prints” created during systems design Information System Development

Slide 17 During the systems implementation step: Hardware and systems software are acquired, installed, configured and testedHardware and systems software are acquired, installed, configured and tested Application programs and files are developed, installed and testedApplication programs and files are developed, installed and tested The entire system is testedThe entire system is tested Information System Development

Slide 18 Technical knowledge needed: Knowledge of hardware and systems softwareKnowledge of hardware and systems software Installation and configuration of hardware and systems softwareInstallation and configuration of hardware and systems software Knowledge of how to format storage devices, set up security systems, install application programs and establish accounting and auditing systemsKnowledge of how to format storage devices, set up security systems, install application programs and establish accounting and auditing systems Information System Development

Slide 19 During the systems evaluation and maintenance step, the system is evaluated for errors that escaped undetected during installation and testing. During the systems evaluation and maintenance step, the system is evaluated for errors that escaped undetected during installation and testing. Minor changes are made as maintenance changes. Minor changes are made as maintenance changes. Information System Development

Slide 20 Technical knowledge needed: Knowledge is needed to classify the proposed change as minor or majorKnowledge is needed to classify the proposed change as minor or major Knowledge is needed about the hardware and software components that are affected by the changeKnowledge is needed about the hardware and software components that are affected by the change Information System Development

Slide 21 Management of Computer Resources Future Trends: The manager must have a broad understanding of current technology, as well as future technology trends.The manager must have a broad understanding of current technology, as well as future technology trends.Compatibility: The new system must not only operate correctly by itself, but also operates smoothly with all of the other systems in the organization.The new system must not only operate correctly by itself, but also operates smoothly with all of the other systems in the organization.

Slide 22 Roles and Job Titles Computer Professional Groups: Application Development PersonnelApplication Development Personnel Systems Software PersonnelSystems Software Personnel Hardware PersonnelHardware Personnel Systems Management PersonnelSystems Management Personnel - job skills for various IT- related jobs and salary rangeswww.salary.com - job skills for various IT- related jobs and salary rangeswww.salary.com

Slide 23 Roles and Job Titles Application Development Personnel Systems AnalystSystems Analyst Systems DesignerSystems Designer Application ProgrammerApplication Programmer

Slide 24 Roles and Job Titles Systems Software Personnel Systems programmers are responsible for the development of systems software such as: Operating systemsOperating systems CompilersCompilers Database management systemsDatabase management systems Network monitors.Network monitors.

Slide 25 Roles and Job Titles Hardware Personnel Hardware personnel are responsible for hardware design, installation, and maintenance. Hardware personnel are responsible for hardware design, installation, and maintenance.

Slide 26 Roles and Job Titles Systems Management Personnel Computer operations managerComputer operations manager Network administratorNetwork administrator Database administratorDatabase administrator Chief Information OfficerChief Information Officer

Slide 27 Roles and Job Titles A computer operations manager is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a large information-processing facility. A computer operations manager is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a large information-processing facility. A database administrator is responsible to help the organization exploit its data resources. A database administrator is responsible to help the organization exploit its data resources.

Slide 28 Roles and Job Titles A network administrator is responsible for the network infrastructure and the management of a local area network. A network administrator is responsible for the network infrastructure and the management of a local area network. A Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for the management of the personnel and computer software and hardware. A Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for the management of the personnel and computer software and hardware.

Slide 29 Computer Technology Information Sources Sources of Computer Information: Periodical Literature Periodical Literature Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites Technology-Oriented Web Sites Technology-Oriented Web Sites Professional Societies Professional Societies

Slide 30 Computer Technology Information Sources Periodical Literature: ACM Computing Surveys ACM Computing Surveys Computerworld Computerworld Communications of the ACM Communications of the ACM Computer Computer

Slide 31 Computer Technology Information Sources Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites: Vendor Web Pages are oriented to sales, but they usually contain detailed information on products either directly or as links to manufacturer Web sites. Vendor Web Pages are oriented to sales, but they usually contain detailed information on products either directly or as links to manufacturer Web sites.

Slide 32 Computer Technology Information Sources

Slide 33 Computer Technology Information Sources

Slide 34 Computer Technology Information Sources

Slide 35 Computer Technology Information Sources Professional Societies: Association for Information Technology Professionals (AITP) Association for Information Technology Professionals (AITP) Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society

Slide 36 Assign #1 Assign #1 Read chapters 1, 2 and 3; pg. 20, review questions 1, 2, 3; pg. 20 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary. Read chapters 1, 2 and 3; pg. 20, review questions 1, 2, 3; pg. 20 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary. Assign #2 Assign #2 pg. 60, review questions 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17; pg. 61, research problem page summary.pg. 60, review questions 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17; pg. 61, research problem page summary. Assign #3 Assign #3 pg. 109, review questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11; pg. 110 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary.pg. 109, review questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11; pg. 110 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary.