Articulations Chapter 8.

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Presentation transcript:

Articulations Chapter 8

Structural Classification of Joints Fibrous no joint cavity, bones held together with collagen fibers Cartilagnous no joint cavity, bones held together with cartilage Synovial have a “synovial” cavity, bones held together with an enclosed capsule & ligaments

Functional Classification of Joints Synarthroses (singular = synarthrosis) Immovable joints Amphiarthroses (singular = amphiarthrosis) Slightly movable joints Diarthroses (singular = diarthrosis) Freely movable joints

Suture: a fibrous synarthrosis

Synchondrosis: a cartilaginous synarthrosis

Syndesmosis: a fibrous amphiarthrosis

An amphiarthrotic synchondrosis

Symphysis: a cartilaginous amphiarthrosis

Synovial Joints

The shoulder joint

Types of Movements Possible at Synovial Joints

Gliding

Flexion Flexion decreases the angle of a joint

Extension Extension increases the angle of a joint

Extension of the shoulder

Hyperextension moves a joint beyond the usual extended angle

Movements of the neck

Special movement of the ankle

Abduction, Adduction & Circumduction

Rotation

Special movements of the antebrachium

Special movements of the foot

You can do this with your hips & shoulders too!

Also possible with shoulders (but not hips)

Ok?

Types synovial joints

Hinge joints These are uniaxial. Examples include the elbow, knee and phalanges.

Pivot Pivot joints are uniaxial. The proximal radioulnar joint is the best example.

Condyloid joints Condyloid joints are often biaxial.

Saddle joints Saddle joints are biaxial.

Ball and Socket Multiaxial ball & socket joints allow the greatest range of motion.

Structural Details of Some Synovial Joints

The Shoulder

Capsule of the shoulder

The Hip

Extracapsular ligaments of the hip a.

Extracapsular ligaments of the hip b.

The Elbow

The Elbow b.

The Elbow reverse view

The Knee

Anterior view of the knee

Extracapsular ligaments of the knee

Common knee injury

ACL replacement http://www.maitrise-orthop.com/corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/95/plaweski/plaweskius.shtml

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