Preparation of Scientific Paper Writing is a staged process 1.Review/design/planning (prewriting) 2.Experimenting/research 3.Writing 4.Rewriting Easy to.

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Preparation of Scientific Paper Writing is a staged process 1.Review/design/planning (prewriting) 2.Experimenting/research 3.Writing 4.Rewriting Easy to emphasize writing stage & de-emphasize other stages Leads to poor communication

Preparation of Scientific Paper Prewriting is part of writing (proposal) Rewriting is not just changing a few words May involve major reorganization or refocus Effective writing requires an awareness of purpose and audience

Preparation of Scientific Paper Standard format 1.Abstract 2.Introduction 3.Materials & methods 4.Results (observations) 5.Discussion (interpretation) 6.Literature cited

Preparation of Scientific Paper Abstract Abbreviated account but make clear: Why the work was done How the work was done What was learned What conclusions can be made Avoid vague statements

Preparation of Scientific Paper Introduction Present problem/hypothesis Provide context for work Citation of appropriate prior research Like a “funnel” Provide the context then focus to the specific issue examined

Preparation of Scientific Paper Materials & methods Describe organism studied Describe site used (geographic setting) Describe protocol for data collection Outline statistical treatment of data

Preparation of Scientific Paper Results Record of findings Present in logical sequence Provide analyses Means, standard errors, tests of significance Lead reader Good use of figures & tables

Preparation of Scientific Paper Discussion Critically evaluate results in context of prior research Citation of published works Interpret results using background developed in introduction Organization according to logical flow Order can differ from that of results

Preparation of Scientific Paper Literature cited Confined to citations in manuscript Use form of Ecology Doe, J. T Effects of floral size on rates of floral visitation. Journal of Unexpected Results 34:

Preparation of Scientific Paper Details Organism names are binomials (italicize) Impatiens capensis or I. capensis (Balsaminaceae) Solidago altissima or S. altissima (Asteraceae)

Preparation of Scientific Paper Submitting a scientific paper: Prepare well-edited manuscript Submit to appropriate journal (audience) Editor sends manuscripts out for review Reviewers return evaluation to editor Revision based on reviews Editor makes final decision

Preparation of Scientific Paper Submitting your manuscripts: Submit well-edited manuscript for review Reviewers provide critical reviews Rewrite based on review Reorganization or refocus may be needed Submit revised manuscript, peer-reviewed draft, & reviewer comments to Dr. A.