Federalism in the Forest Tomas M. Koontz. Federalism: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 3 - Economic Environment of Business
Advertisements

Government’s Role in Economy
Unit 7 Macroeconomics: Taxes, Fiscal, and Monetary Policies Chapters 15.1 Economics Mr. Biggs.
Interest Groups.
Chapter 3 Organizational Environments and Culture
EMPOWERING WOMEN: LEGAL RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AFRICA Mary Hallward-Driemeier Office of the Chief Economist, The World Bank.
How can Supply-Side Policies be used to achieve Economic Growth? To see more of our products visit our website at Andrew Threadgould.
Benefits of Free Enterprise (Ch. 3-1)
SESSION 5: THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TALKING POINTS THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 1.The Federal Reserve System (often referred to as “the Fed”) is the central.
MACROECONOMICS AND THE GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Economics: Economic Review and Macro Basics.
Stakeholder And Issues Management Approaches
Chapter 19 Macroeconomics 8e Froyen
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
The Nature of Interest Groups
Creating Value through Human Resources Chapter 1.
Motivating Employees through Compensation
Making Human Resource Management Strategic
The Framework for Business
Understanding Basic Economies
Marketing BY: CHEREESE LANGLEY. Nature of work Formulate, direct and coordinate marketing activities and policies to promote products and services, working.
Chapter Seven: Interest Groups.
OGT SESSION 1 ECONOMICS.
Chapter 2 Organizational Environments and Cultures.
The Executive Branch: Bureaucracy in a Democracy
is the idea that governments draw their powers from the governed.
Working in the Urbanizing Landscape: Changing Roles for Natural Resource Professionals Oregon Department of Forestry “Stewardship in Forestry”
Introducing Government in America
Governmental Opportunities and Constraints
Organizational Environments and Cultures
Comments on “New Orleans: Political Economy of Public Money” by Aaron Schneider James Alm.
Stakeholder Objectives
Economic Policymaking Chapter 17. Economic Systems Market Economy: An economic system in which individuals and corporations, not the government, own the.
The Bureaucracy….  Congress creates agencies  Influences agency behavior by statutes it enacts  Congress authorizes funds for programs  Congressional.
Competency 51: Analyze Evolving Economic Systems Competency 52: Describe Impact of Global Marketing on Business in America.
Introducing Government in America
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Government LO 1.1: Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter.
Chapter 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in America: People, Politics, and.
Criminal Justice Organizations: Administration and Management
The Nature of Interest Groups What role do interest groups have in influencing public policy? How can we compare and contrast political parties.
1 The Nature of Interest Groups What role do interest groups have in influencing public policy? How can we compare and contrast political parties and interest.
Public Administration Politics not politics What is the connection? Politics sets the tasks for administration. but should not manipulate it’s offices.
Understanding Basic Economics
1Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning.  What is an Interest Group?  Members share common views and objectives  Seek to influence government officials.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning Thinking Like an Economist.
TOPIC 2 POLITICAL BEHAVIOR. PARTY SYSTEMS One-party systems are usually found in nations with authoritarian governments. Minor parties exist in two-party.
Bellwork Write Five sentences about how you feel about your performance in the class so far.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western. Thinking Like an Economist Every field of study has its own terminology  Mathematics integrals  axioms  vector spaces.
Chapter 1 What is economics?. Chapter 1 Economics – study of the choices that consumers and producers make. Economics – study of the choices that consumers.
Economics for Leaders Lesson 8: Costs & Benefits Of Government Action.
Economic Challenges Facing Contemporary Business
CITIES AND HOUSING POLICIES E151U: Housing and Urban Development.
GHSGT Review Economics. Unit 1 – Fundamental Concepts of Economics.
The Federal Bureaucracy
Future of Hardwoods in Oregon (and the Pacific Northwest) Glenn Ahrens Oregon State University Extension Forestry Clatsop and Tillamook County.
27J: Recognize the importance and influence of special interest groups and lobbyists on the legislative process, understanding the purpose and function.
Policy Making. Government Purposes and Public Policies A public policy is a general plan of action. A public policy is a general plan of action. All public.
East Asia in Transition
Economic Policymaking Chapter 17. Economic Systems Market Economy: An economic system in which individuals and corporations, not the government, own the.
1. 2 The Nature of Interest Groups What role do interest groups have in influencing public policy? How can we compare and contrast political parties and.
Economic Systems WHAT IS ECONOMICS? DOES IT HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH YOU?
Chapter Fifteen Bureaucracy and the Administrative State American Government and Politics: Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship.
Presentation Pro © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Magruder’s American Government C H A P T E R 9 Interest Groups.
Interest Groups Chapter 12. Interest Groups The American System is one where groups organize around every conceivable issue Single Issue Politics - The.
What is a budget surplus and a budget deficit? A budget surplus is when extra money is left over in a budget after expenses are paid. A budget deficit.
Explorations in Economics Alan B. Krueger & David A. Anderson.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman. Introducing Government in America Chapter 1 Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government.
SECTION1 Unit 3, Section 6 Interest Groups. SECTION2 I. The Role of Interest Groups A. Interest groups are private organizations whose members share certain.
What is a sin tax? What is its purpose and function as a government restriction on the use of individual property? A sin tax is a relatively high tax.
Government’s Role in Economy
Presentation transcript:

Federalism in the Forest Tomas M. Koontz

Federalism: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. “Choices among governmental jurisdictions lie at the very core of federalism.” -T. Koontz

Functional Theory of Federalism This theory predicts that lower and higher levels of government tend to produce different outputs. These two outputs are “developmental” and “redistributive” –Developmental refers to economic growth. Policies that emphasize this goal are favored by elected officials at low levels of government. –Redistribution transfers money from wealthier parties to poorer ones. This output is not particularly attractive to large corporations, which in turn affects the local economy, so redistribution is not favored by local elected officials.

Devolution Does it Matter? “ The comparison of National versus State natural resource policy”

It Does Matter! Devolution shifts responsibility from the federal government to the state government –Helps match the economic efficiency by reducing the tendency of citizens to demand higher levels of success for which they do not pay for. There is a general lack of serious inquiry into natural resource policy at different levels of government.

Three points of focus Comparing policy processes and outputs –what are the differences in natural resource policy between state and federal forests? Exploring differences in policy –how do various factors shape these differences? Providing insight into the policy making process –what can be done about changing policy and how is this possible?

Brief History of Forest Management Federal government used to own all the land Transfer in ownership of lands in the Midwest and the Northwest Creation of state and federal forests Contiguous forests with multiple jurisdictions Shape of forests varies between the two regions

Comparing Four Forests Ohio –Ohio State Forest & Wayne National Forest Indiana –Indiana State Forest & Hoosier National Forest Washington –Washington State Forest & Gifford Pinchot National Forest Oregon –Oregon State Forest & Siuslaw National Forest Note: test areas represent only a small portion of not only federal and state forests, but States in the union.

Background of Forests Midwest –Most common forest type is deciduous hardwood Much lower lumber and wood product value Northwest –Most common forest type is Douglas fir and associated conifers Higher timber production values which is shown in work force sizes.

Types of Forests

Forest Information

Strengths of the State Agency Timber Profits Revenue Sharing

Timber Sales Volume Employment and Development Community Interests Small environmental pitch Sales are thirteen times greater than National forests

Percent of Annual Growth Sold

Timber Sales Profitability Should this be the primary goal of public forests? Much more economic than National Forests Much more profitable than National forests

Operating Expenses

Revenue Sharing Public lands subject to giving money back to the jurisdiction which holds the state or national forest States forests send more money to local governments than do the national forests Gives reason to the state to be more concerned about state forests

Who is More Economical?

Overall The state forest agencies, overall, are very much more economical. –Produce more lumber –Sell more lumber –Are more efficient with their sales –Produce more revenue for their own jurisdictions

Federal Agency Strength Environmental Protection –Rare Species Protection –Research and Monitoring –Non-Timber improvements

Eco- System Level Management

Rare Species Identification and Protection National Forests have a much more extensive identification and protection plan than State forests. Indiana only has a part time rare species identification employee ( the other half he works for timber management)

“For other rare species we have not yet found efficient methods and protocols, we have not focused efforts on identification or protection.” -Stance from Oregon State Forest officials

Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Goal is to generate information to develop protection projects in the future In 1995 Oregon federal officials spent more than 1.3 million in research efforts Compared that to “ if we tried to do more comprehensive surveys, the counties would be upset that we’re spending resources in this way”

“In most cases you should be able to answer the questions from your own observations or project plans without the need to hire experts.” –Washington State Forest official

Citizen Participation Public Meetings Working Groups Mailings Who really participates?

Who Encourages Involvement and Participation

Public Meetings The quality of meetings of the state and national forest agencies differ –National has organized, professional meetings –State has loose, unorganized gatherings

Mailing Federal agencies have a knack for sending out lots of material while state officials lack this attribute. The mail federal agencies send out is much more informative.

Mailing quality

Who talked to whom?

Exploring Policy Differences Bureaucratic Behavior Theory: Policymaking by agency officials can be explained by four dominant factors: Rules: Laws, Forest plans, and budget incentives Citizen pressure Agency official’s beliefs Agency community

Laws Elected officials create laws to: –Constrain bureaucratic discretion –Leave a legacy Federal laws seek non-economic goals while state laws seek economic goals.

Under federal acts like the NEPA and NFMA, federal forest officials must go through a lot of red tape to harvest timber, because the laws are environmentally-oriented –Public must be involved, and the public has power –Zoning requirements –Formal assessment procedures –Multiple-Use mandates –Harvesting technique stipulations National Forests

State Forests State forest officials have a lot less red tape to go through because the laws are economically-oriented. –Fewer and limited opportunities for citizen involvement –State versions of the NEPA and the NFMA are more watered-down than their national counterparts –Multiple use mandates regard timber harvesting as the primary use of the land –Harvesting techniques are under the control of the state agencies –Zoning laws are more flexible

Multiple-Use Mandates

Legislative Regulation

Forest Plans Forest plans are formal reports detailing the operations of a timber harvest before the project begins. –Timber Stand Improvements (TSI) –Leave Trees –Riparian Areas –Regeneration Harvesting –Land-use Zoning Protection

Harvesting Techniques and Zoning Restrictions

Citizen Involvement (Pressure) Citizen Pressure involves the ability of the general populace to influence activities in the timber industry. –Support for natural resource protection is stronger among people who live far from the resources than those who live near them. –Spotted Owl example

Wrapping It All Up Federalism is good; our current system of government works. Most everyone’s voice is heard somewhere in the process Performance is the key; more research is needed to analyze policy processes and outputs. Progress (fiscal efficiency) is possible when we conduct and analyze empirical data rather than basing our policy decisions on simplistic opinions –Citizen input myth Everyone can make a difference; elected officials appoint non-elected agency bureaucrats, who in turn shape economic and environmental policy