Heian Buddhism (I) Japanese monks made pilgrimages to China during the Heian Period ( ); Tiandai, Shingon became dominant schools; Tiandai was influential in Japan, called “ mother of Kamakura Buddhism ”— Eisai, Honen, Shinran, Dogen, Nichiren all were scholars on Mt. Hiei Japanese monks made pilgrimages to China during the Heian Period ( ); Tiandai, Shingon became dominant schools; Tiandai was influential in Japan, called “ mother of Kamakura Buddhism ”— Eisai, Honen, Shinran, Dogen, Nichiren all were scholars on Mt. Hiei 804, Kukai visited Chang ’ an; Saicho visited Guoqing Temple in Mt. Tiantai 804, Kukai visited Chang ’ an; Saicho visited Guoqing Temple in Mt. Tiantai 805, Saicho returned to Japan, introducing Tiandai 805, Saicho returned to Japan, introducing Tiandai 806, Saicho built monastery on Mt. Hiei; Kukai returned to Japan, introducing Shingon 806, Saicho built monastery on Mt. Hiei; Kukai returned to Japan, introducing Shingon 819, Kukai founded the Kongobuji monastery of Mt. Koya 819, Kukai founded the Kongobuji monastery of Mt. Koya , expansion of Enryakuji; Kukai became very active from now on , expansion of Enryakuji; Kukai became very active from now on

Heian Buddhism (II) 838, Ennin and three other monks made pilgrimage to China 838, Ennin and three other monks made pilgrimage to China 843, Toji established a post for the Shingon 843, Toji established a post for the Shingon 848, Ennin returned to Japan, became active thereupon 848, Ennin returned to Japan, became active thereupon 858, Enchin returned to Japan, became active thereupon 858, Enchin returned to Japan, became active thereupon , Chonen of Todaiji made pilgrimage to China , Chonen of Todaiji made pilgrimage to China 1002, Jakusho (?) entered Song 1002, Jakusho (?) entered Song 1042, monks of Enryakuji burnt Onjoji 1042, monks of Enryakuji burnt Onjoji

Heian Buddhishm (III) , Byodoin temple was inaugurated by emperor Fujiwara Yorimichi , Byodoin temple was inaugurated by emperor Fujiwara Yorimichi 1168, Eisai entered Song, visited Mt. Tiantai, soon returned to Japan 1168, Eisai entered Song, visited Mt. Tiantai, soon returned to Japan 1171, Kaku-A entered Song, became active after returning Japan in , Kaku-A entered Song, became active after returning Japan in , Jojin entered song. 1072, Jojin entered song. 1187, Eisai came to Song again, at the age of 28, returned to Japan in , Eisai came to Song again, at the age of 28, returned to Japan in , Dainichibo Nonin sent two disciples to China to study under Linji master Deguang of the Dahui school 1189, Dainichibo Nonin sent two disciples to China to study under Linji master Deguang of the Dahui school

Chinese Buddhism during the Heian Period (I) Tiantai was one of the most prominent Buddhist schools after a period of ups and downs. Its sixth patriarch, Zhanran ( ) had just completed an important revitalization and systemization of school ’ s philosophical system when Saicho arrived in China in 804.Its members and proponents had been active for nearly two centuries Tiantai was one of the most prominent Buddhist schools after a period of ups and downs. Its sixth patriarch, Zhanran ( ) had just completed an important revitalization and systemization of school ’ s philosophical system when Saicho arrived in China in 804.Its members and proponents had been active for nearly two centuries Daoxuan went to Japan to transmit vinaya and Tiantai teachings Daoxuan went to Japan to transmit vinaya and Tiantai teachings Jianzhen (Ganjin) first brought Tiantai teachings to Japan (although he was a vinaya master) Jianzhen (Ganjin) first brought Tiantai teachings to Japan (although he was a vinaya master) Saicho studied under Zhanran ’ s disciples Saicho studied under Zhanran ’ s disciples

Chinese Buddhism during the Heian Period (II) Tantrism of Subhakarasimha ( ) and Amogavajra lines were active Tantrism of Subhakarasimha ( ) and Amogavajra lines were active Shaicho studied with Subhakarasimha ’ s disciple Shaicho studied with Subhakarasimha ’ s disciple Kukai, Ennin, and Enchin studied with Amoghavajra ’ s disciple Kukai, Ennin, and Enchin studied with Amoghavajra ’ s disciple The Ox-head lineage of the Northern School of Chan Buddhism was also active The Ox-head lineage of the Northern School of Chan Buddhism was also active Saicho studied with Zen monks of this lineage, in Japan and in China. Saicho studied with Zen monks of this lineage, in Japan and in China.

Chinese Buddhism (III) Japanese monks came to China ’ s Tiantai shan, probably unaware of the development of South Chan at this time Japanese monks came to China ’ s Tiantai shan, probably unaware of the development of South Chan at this time Ennin, Saicho ’ s disciple, visited Tiantai, Chang ’ an, and Wutai, studying both Tantrism and Tiantai teachings but favoring Tantrism; he transmitted Wutai ’ s Pure Land faith popular in Enchin, too, went to Tiantai and Chang ’ an to study Tantrism and Tiantai teachings. He also favored Tantrism. Ennin, Saicho ’ s disciple, visited Tiantai, Chang ’ an, and Wutai, studying both Tantrism and Tiantai teachings but favoring Tantrism; he transmitted Wutai ’ s Pure Land faith popular in Enchin, too, went to Tiantai and Chang ’ an to study Tantrism and Tiantai teachings. He also favored Tantrism. They both considered Tantric Darijing (Dainichikyo) superior to Tiantai ’ s Lotus Sutra in both theory and practice. They both considered Tantric Darijing (Dainichikyo) superior to Tiantai ’ s Lotus Sutra in both theory and practice.

Chinese Buddhism (IV)