Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 13 1.Spermaceti organ 2. Migration

Spermaceti organ: anatomy

Spermaceti oil: T, P and density Low T, high P  increased oil density 28  C 30  C 32  C 37  C

Spermaceti organ: water intake Role of maxillonasalis muscle

Migration: Overview Migration: To pass, usually periodically, from one region or climate to another for feeding or breeding Key questions  What is an animal’s migratory route? Methods of study?  Why do they migrate?  How do they find their way?  Human impact on migratory patterns

Fig. 8.13: Arctic tern migration

Arctic and Antarctic terns Arctic tern Photo by Brian Small Antarctic tern Photo by Danny Gallant

E. Pacific Grey Whale migration What’s in the north ~May – Nov? What’s in the south ~ Dec – April?  For pregant females/offspring  For others?

E. Pacific Grey Whale migration

Humpback migrations Note split of Australian population  Recent incident: “lost” males and song change

Blue whale migration and food

Bluefin tuna (Barbara Block) Western breeders Eastern breeders

Bluefin tuna (Barbara Block) Individual track, W. Atlantic spawner

Bluefin tuna: 4.5 years tracked!

Distribution & fish size

Green sea turtle migration

Movement Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses East South South Africa (Shaffer et al. 2001, 2003)

Pacific salmon: route compared to ocean circulation e/y4652e0b.jpg mg/rchnat/v77n3/img jpg