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Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon “It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant.” Howard Becker, 1966 What is Deviance?
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Relative Deviance What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others “Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term What is Deviance?
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Deviance Violation of Rules or Norms Crime Violation of Norms as Laws Stigma Blemishes on “Normal” Identity Deviance Terminology
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Social Order Group’s Usual Social Arrangement Social Control Group’s Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms Deviance Terminology
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Negative Sanctions Positive Sanctions Sanctions
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Shaming is a Sanction Can Be Centerpiece of Public Ritual Degradation Ceremony Shaming and Degradation Ceremonies
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Sociology Look for Answers Outside Individuals Social Class Sociobiology Look for Answers Inside Individuals Genetic Predispositions Explanations of Deviance
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Psychology Focuses on Abnormalities Within Individuals Personality Disorders Deviant Personalities Explanations of Deviance
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Families Friends, Neighbors Subculture Prison or Freedom? Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Inner Controls Morality Conscience Religious Principles Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Outer Controls Attachments Commitments Involvements Beliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Focuses on the Significance of Labels Labels Become Part of Self-Concept Propel Towards or Away from Deviance Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Denial of Responsibility Denial of Injury Denial of a Victim Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Condemnation of Condemners Appeal to Higher Loyalties Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Embracing Labels—Outlaw Bikers The Power of Labels—Saints and Roughnecks Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms Promotes Social Unity Promotes Social Change Functionalist Perspective Can Deviance Be Functional?
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Social Values Produce Deviance Cultural Goals Institutional Means Strain Leads to Anomie Functionalist Perspective Strain Theory
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Innovators Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion Functionalist Perspective Four Deviant Paths
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Unequal Access to Institutional Means to Success Street Crime White-Collar Crime Gender and Crime Functionalist Perspective Illegitimate Opportunity Structures
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime Recidivism The Death Penalty Bias Reaction to Deviance
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Legal Change Medicalization of Deviance Neither Mental nor Illness? Homeless Mentally Ill Need for More Humane Approach Reaction to Deviance