Membrane technology for environmental improvement Intro to Environmental Sciences, Winter-spring 2002 J. Gilron, Institutes for Applied Research.

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Presentation transcript:

Membrane technology for environmental improvement Intro to Environmental Sciences, Winter-spring 2002 J. Gilron, Institutes for Applied Research

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences2 Lecture outline Principles of membrane separations - flux, selectivity concepts Survey of pressure driven water processes - applications Electrodialysis process - application gas separation - environmental application

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences3 הפרדות למטרות של : 1. טיהור מים 2. טיהור אויר 3. טיפול בשפכים 4. ייצור כמה טובה צריכה להיות ההפרדה ? האם יש זרם פסולת ? מה לעשות איתה ? כמה אנרגיה צורכת ההפרדה ? כמה מקום תופס הציוד ?

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences4 עקרון של הפרדה ממברנלית Feed side Permeate Side A B משואת שטף דרך ממברנה : כח מניע התנגדות הממברנה למעבר של אותו מרכיב

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences5 משואות שטף של תהליכים ממברנליים RO, NF MF, UF GS, PV ED

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences6 ביטויים לסלקטיביות : Liquid separations (RO, UF) R = 1 - Cp/Cf Liquid separations (UF/MF) Gas separations and pervaporation Electrodialysis t j = I j /I t

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences7 יתרונות של ממברנות חדות ההפרדה הפרדה בעלות אנרגיה יותר נמוכה ( בד ” כ אין שינוי פאזות ) הפרדות בלי חימום הזרם ובתנאים מתונים מאפשר תהליך רציף קל וגמיש לגמלון - מאוד מודולרי גיוון ההפרדה ע ” י שינוי תכונות הממברנה אין צורך בתוספת כימיקלים ניתן להכלאה מגרעות של ממברנות קיטוב ריכוזים ואילוח אורך חיים של ממברנה בתעשיה

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences8 Mechanisms of selectivity Size - sieving Charge chemical affinity - eg hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity hydration-dehydration of ions dielectric effects

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences9 Membrane properties of importance, pressure driven processes Average pore size Pore size distribution - wide? Narrow? Porosity Membrane thickness hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity of surface, matrix surface roughness

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences10 Membrane processes

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences11 Applications of membrane processes

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences12 Comparison of membrane module geometries

סתיו תשנ " ב Intro to Environmental Sciences13 Considerations in applying membrane process Energy source - grid available? Other power source? Pretreatment requirements Maintenance - who does it? Is it complicated? Who “owns” the process? Infrastructure available? Distribution - especially in emergency situations Brine disposal? Portability of unit (emergency situations)