Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Student assessment: lightening the load while increasing the learning Dr Chris Rust Head, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Deputy Director, Assessment Standards Knowledge Exchange (ASKe) Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning Oxford Brookes University, UK

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development 3 possible ways of reducing staff assessment load Involve the students Mechanise Strategic programme decisions

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Involve the students - 1 self assessment Strengths of this piece of work Weaknesses in this piece of work How this work could be improved The grade it deserves is….. What I would like your comments on it is the interaction between both believing in self-responsibility and using assessment formatively that leads to greater educational achievements ( Brown & Hirschfeld, 2008 )

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Marking exercise Immediate resultsparticipants av. mknon participants av. mk. Cohort 1 (99/00) Cohort 2 (00/01) Cohort 3 (01/ Results 1 year later Cohort Cohort Rust, C., Price, M & O’Donovan, B.(2003) "Improving students’ learning by developing their understanding of assessment criteria and processes” Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 2

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Peer marking using model answers (Forbes & Spence, 1991) Scenario: Engineering students had weekly maths problem sheets marked and problem classes Increased student numbers meant marking impossible and problem classes big enough to hide in Students stopped doing problems Exam marks declined (Average 55%>45%) Solution: Course requirement to complete 50 problem sheets Peer assessed at six lecture sessions but marks do not count Exams and teaching unchanged Outcome: Exam marks increased (Av. 45%>80%)

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Peer feedback (Rust, 2001) Scenario Geography students did two essays but no apparent improvement from one to the other despite lots of tutor time writing feedback Increased student numbers made tutor workload impossible Solution: Only one essay but first draft required part way through course Students read and give each other feedback on their draft essays Students rewrite the essay in the light of the feedback In addition to the final draft, students also submit a summary of how the 2nd draft has been altered from the1st in the light of the feedback Outcome: Much better essays

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Mechanise assessment 1.Statement banks 2.Assignment attachment sheets 3.Optical mark reader 4.Computer aided-assessment

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Mechanise assessment - 1 Statement Banks Write out frequently used feedback comments, for example: 1.I like this sentence/section because it is clear and concise 2.I found this paragraph/section/essay well organised and easy to follow 3.I am afraid I am lost. This paragraph/section is unclear and leaves me confused as to what you mean 4.I would understand and be more convinced if you gave an example/quote/statistic to support this 5.It would really help if you presented this data in a table 6.This is an important point and you make it well etc…….

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Weekly CAA testing - case study data StudentWeek 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 5Week 6Week 7 A B C D E F G (Brown, Rust & Gibbs,1994)

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development CAA quizzes (Catley, 2005) Scenario First term, first year compulsory law module A new subject for most (75%) students High failure rate (25%), poor general results (28% 3rd class, 7% Ist) Solution: Weekly optional WebCT quizzes (50% take-up) Outcome: Quiz takers: 4% fail, 14% 3rd class, 24% Ist Non-quiz takers: same pattern as before Overall:14% fail (approx half previous figure) 21% 3rd class 14% 1st (double previous figure)

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Strategic reduction 1 Need audits: - Of assessment methods - Of learning outcomes Need Departmental learning, teaching and assessment strategies

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Strategic reduction 2 Reduce time spent on assessment: reduce repetition (eg lab reports) more variety (eg fewer essays) identify different course goals ? pass/fail (at least in 1st year) just grades, no marks assess selectively

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Assessing a selection (Rust, 2001) Scenario: Weekly lab reports submitted for marking Increased student numbers meant heavy staff workload and increasingly lengthy gap before returned so feedback of limited/no use Solution: Weekly lab reports still submitted Sample number looked at, and generic feedback ed to all students within 48 hours At end of semester, only three weeks’ lab reports selected for summative marking Outcome: Better lab reports and significantly less marking

Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development Strategic reduction 3 Reduce time spent on feedback: give general feedback / whole class use feedback forms use students use statement banks use computer-based tests give focused feedback (one criterion) give audio-recorded feedback