Light Physics 100 Chapt 17. Galileo’s attempt to measure the speed of light.

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Presentation transcript:

Light Physics 100 Chapt 17

Galileo’s attempt to measure the speed of light

Galilean moons

Ole Roemer

Eclipses of Jupiter’s moons Sun Earth Jupiter Io Light from eclipse #1 travels this far

Eclipses of Jupiter’s moons Sun Jupiter Io Light from the next eclipse has to travel this much farther Earth Measured time between eclipses is a little longer than actual time

6 months later Sun E arth Jupiter Io Light from eclipse #1 travels this far

6 months + later Sun Jupiter Io Light from the next eclipse travels a distance that is this much shorter Earth Measured time between eclipses is a little shorter than actual time

Reflections

Reflection from a flat surface angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Image

Wall mirror left hand right hand

Speed of light is slower Refraction Speed of light is faster  air  h2o

Refraction

where should you aim? At the fish? Above it? Below it?

answer

“Broken stick”

Broken pencil

Dispersion

Dispersion in a water droplet

rainbow Sun

Wave nature of light

Interference from two wave sources

Light thru a single narrow slit central bright stripe wider than shadow of the slit!

Light thru a narrower single slit central bright stripe gets wider!

Single slit “diffraction pattern” “Intensity pattern”

Light thru two narrow closely spaced slits Diffraction pattern with dark stripes

Two slit interference pattern “Intensity pattern”

Bright stripes

Dark stripes

Two slits

Single slit diffraction

Single-slit interference

Any aperture produces interference

Two adjacent holes

Move holes closer together

Photo using IR light

Human vision Visible light wavelengths 0.75x10 -6 m0.4x10 -6 m Human hair: Thickness = ~100 x m (100  m) Red blood cell: diameter = ~5 x m (5  m) hemoglobin molecule: ~0.01 x m (0.01  m) No way! (albeit with a microscope) OK!

Rule of thumb To view an object using a wave, the wavelength of the wave must be shorter than the dimensions of the features that you want to examine.

“proof” that light is a wave With 2 slits open no light goes here Block off one slit Now light can go here

Somehow the light going through one slit knows whether or not the other slit is open or closed This is possible for a wave, which is extended in space, but not for a localized particle

Doppler effect applies to light also

Red-shift --- Blue shift