Lec 7. Ch.3P3 Characteristics of urban travel Trip types (purposes) Three approaches for modeling trips Travel behaviors of men and women Trip purpose/temporal, spatial, and modal distribution of trips Safety (covered in CE361) Travel cost Ch. 3 Part 3 (3.3): Topics

Typical trip types (used for demand forecasting) Passenger trips are named by the trip purpose, classified by the trip origin: Work trips, Shopping trips, Social/recreation trips, Business trips, School trips – they are home-based or non-home based. Home-based trip Trips are defined as one-way movements. Typical simple classes are: home-based work, home- based other, non-home-based HBW HBO HBO is sometimes called HBNW (non work). NHB

Approaches for modeling trips Most popular modeling approach (UTMS) & we cover this one in this introductory TP planning course.

Different travel behavior for men and women Women’s (especially working women’s) trip making is more complex than men’s. Women make more “chain trips” than men in general. Trip chaining, or multipurpose trip making is difficult to model; there is so much uncertainty. UTMS does not include this type of trip making.

Trip purpose/Temporal/spatial/modal distributions  Factors that need to be incorporated in demand forecasting For what purpose, at what time of the day, from where to where, by what mode is a trip made? And with whom, alone or with someone else?  This is an important question from a TP perspective. Peak Hr Volume? Which links are heavily used? Private auto, public transit, rail, walk, bike?  Modal demand levels

Travel costs Out-of-pocket costs to the user: costs associated with travel – fuel costs, parking fees, tolls, fares  This is what most of the drivers think of the cost for driving a car. “Fixed costs” to the user: vehicle purchase, maintenance, and insurance costs  Many drivers do not consider these costs when they compare costs between driving a car and taking transit “Social costs” to all: Include the cost of transportation services and goods that are not priced directly to the user but are incorporated into the price of the non-transportation good; public sector costs to build, maintain, and operate the transportation system; and the non-monetary costs to society of transportation- related impacts such as health effects of air and water pollution (externalities), pain and suffering from accidents, and travel time.

Travel costs: Another way of looking at them - Direct and indirect costs Direct costs: out-of- pocket costs, the cost of cars, insurance, building and maintaining roads, paying police officers, operating transit service, TP, etc. Indirect costs: costs that occur as a result of transportation – congestion, accidents, air pollution, noise, solid-waste disposal, etc.