Your Name Enter Date Unit 1 – Physical Science 1.2 – Facts of Friction

Tracy Drain Systems Engineer NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Host Researchers Physical Science Kobie Boykins Senior Mechanical Engineer NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Focus Questions :  What is Energy?  What are some ways that energy changes forms?  What forms of energy does a Mars orbiter use? Research Article: Energizing an Orbiter - page 31

Research Highlights (page 31)  What is energy? two main types of energy Kinetic energy - energy of motion Potential energy - stored energy Potential energy can be stored as gravitational potential energy or chemical potential energy the ability to do work

 What are some ways that energy changes forms? –Energy transfer – energy never gets used up, it just changes form  What forms of energy does a Mars orbiter use? –Chemical fuel –Solar energy

1.2 The Facts of Friction (page 33) Objectives – explain how aerobraking works explain how friction affects an object’s velocity design and conduct an investigation of aerobraking

1.Read Master 1.2A to learn about aerobraking (page 35) Allows the orbiter to conserve its limited supply of fuel by repeatedly dipping into the upper part of Mars’ atmosphere as it circles the planet. Passing through these gases creates friction which slows down the spacecraft. Let’s Begin…

Spacecraft Aerobraking

2. Build the model according to the directions on page Build the model according to the directions on page 33. No lab stand… what to do, what to do???

Conclusion questions (page 34): In the model, what did the board represent? Did the sandpaper have an effect on the orbiter’s potential energy or its kinetic energy? The orbiter loses energy due to friction from the sandpaper. Where does that energy go? the sandpaper ?

3.Design an Investigation to Explore Aerobraking Follow scientific process to develop investigation – page 10 Discuss possible variable changes

National Science Education Standards National Science Education Standards : What standards did we cover in this investigation? State standards can be found on TJO

Sample Pacing Guide page 20b 45 minutes to discuss the research article – Energizing an Orbiter 45 minutes to do the activity Facts of Friction Science Topics Covered : energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, energy transfer, conservation of energy, friction, orbits, space missions

Multimedia Components

The setting: 2085 at Mars Experimental Station One, a colony built to test humans' ability to live self-sufficiently in an alien and hostile environment. Characters: Sean, a fifteen-year-old orphan who acts tough but secretly thinks he can't measure up to the others. Jenny, also fifteen, whose frail looks belie her fierce intelligence; Alex, a fourteen-year-old pilot in training who doesn't always know his boundaries. Plot: When the existence of Marsport is suddenly threatened, the group must overcome their fears and join forces, for their survival depends on nothing less. Novel Connections:

What changes would you need to make? Any question?

Unit 1 – Physical Science 1.2 – Facts of Friction